1. 1 Protozoa Part I BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson

2. 2 Protozoa

3. 3 Leewenhoek First observed protozoa in 1675 animalcules

4. 4 Amoeba video

5. 5 Kingdom Protista Protozoa - 64,000 sp –Animal like Unicellular –Some are colonial Motile No cell wall Reproduce –Sexual –Asexual Nutrition –Heterotrophic –Autotrophic

6. 6 Origin of Protozoa Earth is 4.6 billion years old Prokaryotic cells date back over 3.5 billion years 1.5 Billion years ago –Eukaryotic cells Became protozoans

7. 7 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. W. D. Russell-Hunter, A Life of Invertebrates, © 1979. Protozoan Protist

8. 8 Reproduction Sexual –Male and female gametes Asexual –Binary Fission –Schizogony –Sporogony Encystment and Excystment

9. 9 8-3 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 8.4 Mitosis –Division of nucleus Cytokinesis –Division of cytoplasm Binary Fission

10. 10 Schizogony

11. 11 Sporogongy Like schizogony except occurs after union of gametes v

12. 12 Encystment and Excystment Cyst forms to survive harsh environment –Dormant stage –Resistant covering –Shuts down metablolism Up to 49 years! –Parasite leaves host

13. 13 Phylum Sacromastigophora Move with either –Flagella –pseudopodia

14. 14 Subphylum Mastigophora Flagella

15. 15 Class Phytomastigophora Chloroplasts –Photosynthesis Flagella

16. 16 Class Phytomastigophora Euglena –Pellicle Covers cell Allows it to change shape Movie

17. 17 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Structure of Euglena

18. 18 Class Phytomastigophora Volvox –Flagella –Colony Movie

19. 19 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Volvox, A Colonial Flagellate

20. 20 Class Zoomastigophora Flagella No chloroplasts

21. 21 Class Zoomastigophora Giardia lamblia –Giardiasis Backpackers disease Beaver fever Inhabits intestines of several animals and man Acquired by drinking water with cysts Cramping and diarrhea

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23. 23 Class Zoomastigophora Trypanosoma –Parasites in the blood –Chagas disease Central and South America –Sleeping sickness Africa

24. 24 Chagas Disease 16-18 million persons infected in Central & South America Transmission by infected Kissing Bugs & blood transfusions

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27. 27 Kissing Bugs hide in cracks in walls of houses during the day.

28. 28 Feed at night

29. 29 Feeding bugs defecate & feces including Trypanosomes are rubbed into bite or mucous membranes

30. 30 Trypanosomes invade blood

31. 31 Acute stage seen mainly in children includes local inflammation at site of invasion

32. 32 Chronic Chagas disease develops10-20 years later Enlargement of the spleen and liver Irreversible damage to heart & colon There is no effective treatment Death due to heart failure is most common.

33. 33 Effects on heart

34. 34 Effects on colon

35. 35 Screening by Xenodiagnosis

36. 36 Control - eliminate vector

37. 37 African Sleeping Sickness Parasite - Trypanosoma Chronic disease lasting years. Affecting countries of western & central Africa. Vector - Tsetse fly (Glossina) Reservoirs - infected wild animals and humans

38. 38 African Sleeping Sickness

39. 39 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Tsetse fly Trypanosome

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41. 41 Stages of Infection Early - fever, weakness, headache, joint pains. Intermediate - anemia, cardiovascular, endocrine & kidney disorders. Late - CNS involvement, indifference to environment, unpredictable mood changes, coma and death.

42. 42 50-70% of inhabitants of some villages may be infected.

43. 43 Class Zoomastigophora Trichomonas vaginalis Four flagella STD White discharge and itching Most people a asymptomatic

44. 44 Class Zoomastigophora Trichonympha Symbiont in gut of termite

45. 45 End Part I