1. MOTIVATIONAL THEORY According to John Keller Compiled from the website: http://ide.ed.psu.edu/idde/ARCS.htm http://ide.ed.psu.edu/idde/ARCS.htm

2. FOUR CATEGORIES OF MOTIVATION 1. Attention 2. Relevance 3. Confidence 4. Satisfaction

3. 1. ATTENTION

4. PERCEPTUAL AROUSAL Gain and maintain attention Use surprising or uncertain events

5. INQUIRY AROUSAL Stimulate information seeking behavior Pose or have learner generate questions

6. VARIABILITY Vary elements of instruction

7. 2. RELEVANCE

8. FAMILIARITY Adapt instruction Use examples Relate to learner personal experience

9. GOAL ORIENTATION Examples of instruction Present goals Have learner define goals

10. MOTIVE MATCHING Use teaching strategies that match motivation profiles

11. 3. CONFIDENCE

12. EXPECTANCY FOR SUCCESS Make learners aware of expectations and evaluative criteria

13. CHALLENGE SETTING Multiple achievement levels Let learners set personal goals Set standards of accomplishments

14. ATTRIBUTION MOLDING Provide supportive feedback

15. 4. SATISFACTION

16. NATURAL CONSEQUENCES Give opportunities to use new knowledge in real or simulated settings

17. POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES Feedback and reinforcements

18. EQUITY Consistent standards and consequences for accomplishments

19. RESOURCES Keller, John. (1983) ARCS – Motivational Theory. Retrieved from http://ide.ed.psu.edu/idde/ARCS.htm October 5, 2009.