2. Operation and Control Strategy of PV/WTG/EU Hybrid Electric Power System Using Neural Networks Faculty of Engineering, Elminia University, Elminia, Egypt

3. This paper introduces an application of an artificial neural network on the operation control of the PV/WTG/EU to improve system efficiency and reliability. Object of this paper

4. This paper focus on a hybrid system consists of PV/WTG interconnected with utility grid taking into account the variation of solar radiation, Wind speed and load demand during the day. Different feed forward neural network architectures are trained and tested with data containing a variety of operation patterns. A simulation is carried out over one year using the hourly data of the load demand, wind speed, insolation and temperature at El'Zafranna site, Egypt as a case study.

5. 2- System Model 2-1 Modeling of PV/WTG The design of PV/WTG HEPS interconnected to EU depends on dividing the load into two parts between photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine generator (WTG). A typical modeling of PV/WTG HEPS, in a grid- connected situation, is shown in the following Figure.

6. Fig. 1 Layout of PV/WTG interconnected with EU and control strategy App. And Res. 17

7. The power generated by PV system and WTG at any time, (t) can be expressed as the following The following operating strategy have employed as follows:

8. Generated power vs. Load demandS5S4S3S2S1 Mode P gtotal > P L, P pv (t)>0, P WTG (t)=0 PV DC voltage within limits WTG DC voltage out of limits OFFON OFFON 1 P gtotal 0, P WTG (t)=0 PV DC voltage within limits WTG DC voltage out of limits OFFONOFFON P gtotal > P L, P pv (t)=0, P WTG (t)>0 PV DC voltage out of limits WTG DC voltage within limits ONOFFONOFFON 2 P gtotal 0 PV DC voltage out of limits WTG DC voltage within limits ONOFF ON P gtotal > P L, P pv (t)>0, P WTG (t)>0 PV DC voltage within limits WTG DC voltage within limits ON OFFON 3 P gtotal 0, P WTG (t)>0 PV DC voltage within limits WTG DC voltage within limits ON OFFON P gtotal =0, P pv (t)=0, P WTG (t)=0 WTG DC voltage out of limits PV DC voltage out of limits OFF ONOFF4

9. The ANN will send an ON-trip signal to switch S4 only if the following condition is realized: Else, the switch state is OFF. On the other hand, the ANN will send an ON-trip signal to switch S5 only if the following condition is realized: Else, the switch state is OFF.

10. Fig. 2. The daily load curves for January, April, July and October [6]. It is assumed here that the load demand varies monthly. This means that each month has daily load curve different from other months. Therefore, there are twelve daily load curves through the year. Fig. 2 shows the daily load curves for January, April, July and October [6]. 2-2 Load Characteristics

11. Application and Results Figure 1 shows an overview of the power circuit and control circuit of the proposed PV/WTG HEPS interconnected with EU. The power circuit has been controlled by using the proposed three layers neural network as shown in Fig. 3. Fig.1 Fig. 3 Structure of the proposed three layers ANN used to interconnect PV/WTG HEPS

12. X1, X2, X3, X4 and t are the Five-input training matrix which represent DC output voltage from PV system, DC output voltage from WTG system, AC voltage of electric utility power, load demand, and time respectively. W (1) and W (2) represents the weight matrices. The network consists of five input layers, ten nodes in hidden layers and five nodes in output layer which sigmoid transfer function. The network has been found after a series of tests and modifications.

13. This Figure shows the DC voltages from WTG Fig. 4 DC output voltage from WTG during March, June, September and December

14. This Figure shows the DC voltage from PV system. Fig. 5 DC output voltage from PV array during March, June, September and December

15. This Figure shows the evaluation of the 5+10+5 ANN errors.

16. Fig. 7 Optimal Operation of the PV/Wind HEPS interconnected to EU to feed the load demand during December This Figure sows the optimal Operation of the PV/Wind HEPS interconnected to EU to feed the load demand during December From this Fig. 7 it can be seen that the deficit energy has been taken from EU and surplus energy has been injected to EU through the day, which represents the month of December. 17

17. Figure 8 shows the difference between output from ANN and the desired output for the test data of 120 examples (Five months). These differences are displayed for switches S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5. From this Figure, it can be seen that the ANN of 5+10+5 operates with a high accuracy. Fig. 8 Relation between outputs and target for five months

18. Figure 9 displays the output of the proposed ANN of 5+10+5 for month of December using test data. This output may be 1 or 0 for each switch. Fig. 9 Outputs of Neural Network for month of December 15 5

19. From Figures 7 and 9 (December) it can be noticed that the trip signal which produced from ANN sent to switch S1 at hours 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23. This means that the PV/WTG feed the load demand at these hours. On the other hand, switch S2 (for example) equal to 1 at hours 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23 and 24 This means that the EU should supply the load demand at these hours. On the other hand, the power injected to EU through switch S3 at hours 1, 2, 3, 13, 20 and 21. From switch S1 and S2 it can be noticed that the hybrid PV/WTG with EU feed the load demand at hours 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 22 and 23. The electric utility feed the load demand without PV/WTG HEPS at hour 24. From switch S4 it can be seen that the PV system feed the load demand at hours 8, 9, 10,11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 which there is no radiation at hours 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24. On the other hand, the WTG feed the load demand at hours 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23. Which there is no wind speed or the DC output voltages not lay within acceptable limits of PCU at hours 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 24 as shown in switch S5.

21. This paper presents one possible application of intelligent system. The ANN proposed shows the importance of establishing an optimized control, both in terms of the selection of the optimal strategy, and of the relationship between the power generated by the PV system, wind system, EU and load profile. From the results obtained above the following conclusions can be drawn from this paper: 1.A novel technique based on ANN is proposed to achieve the optimal operation control strategy of PV/WTG HEPS. This ANN operates the PV/WTG HEPS to feed the load demand. Conclusions

22. 2. The 5+10+5 ANN is the suitable neural network for optimal operation and control of PV/WTG HEPS at El'Zafarana site. 3. The ANN has a very high accuracy and achieve the optimal hour by hour operation for PV/WTG HEPS as shown in Figures 8 and 9. 4. Using this strategy minimizes the lost time of switching ON and switching OFF. Then, the reliability of the whole system will be improved.

23. Thanks for your listening