1. The seven virtues of the Airport High Speed Rail station Boguslaw Jankowski Society for Transport Integration, Poland bajankow@gmail.combajankow@gmail.com TIT@LDI.plTIT@LDI.pl 1 Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407 Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– –

2. Advantages of High Speed R ail High Speed Rail has become a convenient substitute for Road and Air traffic. Its main advantage is the relatively weak impact on the natural and social environment – due to low greenhouse gas emissions. Loud protests against new HS lines (e.g. In Britain and the U.S.) are encouraged by the Aviation, Motor and Oil industries there. 2 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407, Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011

3. Goals of the EU for 2050 EC's target for 2050 (in Transport White Paper 2011) is to reduce GHG emissions by 60%.Transport White Paper 2011 Among the 10 goals set for 2050 are: (4) complete a European HSR network, (6) connect all core network airports to the rail network, preferably high-speed. Also: triple the existing HSR network by 2030. 3 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407, Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011

4. The significance of external costs HSR not only spares the environment but is also more energy-efficient than Road and Air. To bring the advantages of HSR fully into play, its rivals (Road and Air) must be forced to pay for all ‘external‘ costs, such as road building and maintenance, next to the damage done to the environment. The future will bring universal road tolling (GPS – Galileo) and emissions trading for airliners. 4 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407, Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011

5. External costs of transport modes ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407, Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011 Magnitude of external costs in a medium-distance corridor, non-rush hour and without considering congestion (in € per 1000 passenger km) Graph from UIC presentation by Ignatio Barron at HSR Summit, London, 9 Sep 2009

6. Speed – a prerequisite of success The practical superiority of HSR over Air and Road traffic is determined by its effective speed. A train ride of three hours is preferred to a flight of one hour plus the worries before and after, just as it is superior to five hours behind the wheel. A HS train must be twice as fast as a car on the motorway – or one third of the airplane’s speed. This implies a scheduled speed of 250 km/h. 6 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407, Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011

7. Quick transfer from train to plane By enabling quick transfer between plane and train, an airport can put through more passengers and thus benefit from the economies of scale. This presupposes a location of the HSR station right underneath the midfield terminal (between two or more parallel runways). At the other end of the spectrum are airports that thrive on the passengers’ slow throughput. 7 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407, Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011

8. BBI (Berlin Brandenburg Int’l) will take off in 1 year ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407, Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011

9. HSR will replace short-haul flights Short-haul flights are uneconomic: lots of fuel is needed to gain height. To earn money, a plane must be longer in the air than on the ground. City-to-city HSR can replace most short-haul flights even without accessing airports. But with an HSR station in its bowels (belly), an airport will widen its catchment area to 800 or even 1000 km. In effect, HSR will also replace feeder flights. 9 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407, Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011

10. Easy transfer from train to train Most big cities in Europe have terminus stations, where trains must be turned back. Changing trains in such a city often means changing stations (by bus, tram or metro). At an airport station from which trains go in different directions, train-to-train transfer is easy. This is the case with Amsterdam Schiphol, where the HSR station is just below the main concourse. The TGV station at CDG (Paris) is on the city bypass linking LGV Nord with LGV Sud-Est. A new interconnexion will link CDG with LGV Atlantique. 10 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407, Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011

11. 11 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407, Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011 A vision of Grand Paris

12. An intermediate stop for HS trains Situated on a bypass, CDG is a convenient stop for direct trains (e.g. Marseilles to Brussels) serving airplane passengers and those who change trains. Such trains need not slow down long before they reach the station, as they do when approaching a city (downtown) station. In effect, an airport HS station can save us time. 12 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407, Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011

13. Access from nearby suburbs An airport HSR station can also serve passengers who live in the nearby suburbs. Otherwise they have to go to the HSR station in the city centre (downtown). The convenience of an airport HS station depends crucially on the frequency of trains. With only three HS trains daily from CDG to Strasbourg, most passengers must look for alternative transportation. Will CDG ever become a true intermodal hub? 13 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407, Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011

14. Airport + HSR station = intermodal hub This equation will work out only where the station is located within (inside) the airport, right below a midfield terminal, with easy access to all flight gates. A vertical, multi-level arrangement makes for quicker transfer than a horizontal one (even with travellators). To provide HS services in many directions, the airport HS station should have two levels below the ground for two intersecting HS lines. — Of course, full intermodality implies road access from (at least) one motorway. 14 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407, Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011

15. The future grid of airport HSR stations A future HSR network must comprise a grid of major airports interconnected by HS lines. Airports with HSR station right under the midfield terminal could assist each other in an emergency. In less congested regions like east-central Europe such airports could be spaced at 250–300 km. This map was submitted to the EC six years ago → 15 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407, Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011

16. Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407, Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011

17. The seven virtues … … of the within-airport HSR station: extends the catchment area to 800–1000 km quick and easy transfer from train to plane easy transfer from train to train easy access for passengers from the suburbs rapid access for high speed trains an intermediate stop for HS direct services will assist the airports in an emergency ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407, Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011

18. The seven virtues of the Airport High Speed Rail station Boguslaw Jankowski Vice-President, Society for Transport Integration, Poland Postal address: Raclawicka 131/46. PL 02-117 Warszawa bajankow@gmail.combajankow@gmail.com www.airport-on-rails.org TIT@LDI.plwww.airport-on-rails.orgTIT@LDI.pl 18 Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network TAIEX workshop INFRA 43407 Kyiv, Ukraine, 19-20 May 2011 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– –