1. Ratifying The Constitution

2. Terms Ratify- approval of (colonies) Ratify- approval of (colonies) Federalist- someone that approves of Federalist- someone that approves of the constitution Anti-federalist- Critics of constitution Anti-federalist- Critics of constitution Uni/bi cameral legislature- 1 or 2 houses Uni/bi cameral legislature- 1 or 2 houses Republic- government in which the people Republic- government in which the people ELECT representatives

3. Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation 1777-1787 could not raise standing armies source of power - individual states No power to tax/common currency equal representation in a unicameral congress amendments must be unanimously agreed upon no provisions for executive or judicial branches Organization/settlement of new land Congress could declare war/peace Raise loans for public uses (donations) Could coin money (states did this individually though) Regulate Indian trade Decide disputes between states Run postal system Power resided in the states

4. Articles of Confed. The Northwest Territory Land that was previously won during …? Hoped to sell land to farmers to raise money Land Ordinance of 1785 Program/laws in who could settle and where North West Ordinance of 1787 Established government/laws

5. Shays’ Rebellion Weak federal authority allowed farmers in Massachusetts to riot without anyone to stop them. High levels of debt  placed in debtors prison  farm/home seizures Led by Daniel Shays, former Captain in Continental Army

6. at Independence Hall 55The Constitutional Convention was a large meeting held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at Independence Hall from May of 1787 to Sept. to 1787 where 55 delegates representing their states. They came to revise, change or throw out the AOC and write a new Constitution. Not all states sent delegates

7. Concerns What problems could the drafters (framers) of What problems could the drafters (framers) of The Constitution face? What might they be afraid of in What might they be afraid of in creating a new government? What do they want to avoid based on previous history? What do they want to avoid based on previous history?

8. Father of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights Believed in a strong central government Wrote part of The Federalist Would become our 4 th president madconst

9. notes7 Divided Convention (to approve)9/13 states needed to ratify (to approve) Factions beginFactions begin Federalists: supported the Constitution “The Federalist”---essays support Constitution Anti-Federalists: against Constitution Too powerful----supported state’s rights Compromised with the Bill of Rights Ratification struggle New Constitution took effect, April 1789 Washington first President Adams first VP Constitution replaced the Articles---becomes the law of the land….

10. 3 rd major argument between the delegates was how to limit the power of government. But, give it enough power to be effective. Created a system of government Separated the powers of government into 3 branches that are co-equal but independent from one another.Separated the powers of government into 3 branches that are co-equal but independent from one another. To make sure one branch didn’t become to powerful they created a system of checks and balances.To make sure one branch didn’t become to powerful they created a system of checks and balances. “Elastic Clause” Article I Section 8- “Necessary and Proper”

11. Debate between Federalists and Anti- federalists Federalists: more direct representation does not require citizens to be protected against themselves Anti-federalists: to protect against tyranny Madison drafts a list First ten amendments Ratified by Congress 1791 BILL OF RIGHTS

12. Inspirations to Bill of Rights George Mason Virginia Declaration of Rights Thomas Jefferson Virginia’s Statute for Religious Freedom

13. Bill of rights 1. FREEDOM of Religion, Press, Speech, Assembly, Petition 2. RIGHT TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS 3. No QUARTERING of soldiers in peacetime 4. NO UNREASONABLE SEARCH and SEIZURE 5. PROTECTION of ACCUSED 6. RIGHT TO A SPEEDY, PUBLIC TRIAL BY JURY 7. TRIAL BY JURY IN CIVIL SUITS 8. NO EXCESSIVE FINES or CRUEL PUNISHMENT 9. POWERS RESERVED TO THE PEOPLE 10. POWERS RESERVED TO THE STATES First 10 Amendments to the Constitution in 1791 Rights and freedoms won in the Revolution are preserved and protected…

14. 1.Delaware30 – 0 2.Pennsylvania 46 – 23 3.New Jersey 38 – 0 4.Georgia26 – 0 5.Connecticut 128 – 40 6.Massachusetts 187–168 7.Maryland63 – 11 8.South Carolina 149 – 73 9.New Hampshire 57 – 47 10.Virginia89 – 79 11.New York30 – 27 12.North Carolina 194 – 77 13.Rhode Island 34 - 22