1. Italy has always been a immigration’s land Since italian unification the Italians had to leave their country for a better life

2. There were 4 major phases -the first phase (from 1876 to 1900) -the second phase (from 1900 to world war 1) -the third phase (between the two world wars) -the fourth phase( from post-world war 2 to years 60’s-70’s)

3. the phenomenon of immigration has focused initially in northern Italy but afterwards also in southern Italy

4. The destinations of many of the Italian immigrants were: -USA -CANADA -FRANCE -ARGENTINA -GERMANY -SWITZERLAND -BRAZIL

5. YEARSFRANCEGERMANYSWITZER LAND USA- CANADA ARGENTIN E BRAZIL 1861 1880 635.000149.000170.00026.00086.00037.000 1881 1900 633.000316.000260.000771.000758.000795.000 1901 1920 1.216.000876.0001.088.0004.044.0001.049.000428.000 1921 1940 1.751.00019.000415.000620.000725.00091.000 1941 1960 666.0001.142.0001.753.000455.000303.00067.000 1961 1980 1.390.000851.000836.000269.00017.00012.000 TOT6.291.0003.353.0004.522.0006.185.0002.938.0001.430.000

6. the major causes of immigration by italian to the united states of America were: - The agrarian crisis since 1880 - The economic crisis of small properties - natural disasters(the earthquake of 1908 in Messina) - economic impoverishment

7. most of them emigrated to USA because they were attracted by the great economic possibilities offered but it was not like they imagined

8. Millions of Italians were lured to America by the letters of their families although the letters were not always reliable, gave hope to the poor people who drove them to follow the “American dream”.

9. Thousands of people sold the house, vineyard, all they had to go to America. When they arrived in USA believed that would find a job security and high-salary Instead since that they didn’t know the language,they were confused and they didn’t go back, they relied on a boss who exploited them for very little money

10. In the period between 1880 and 1920 more than four million italians arrive in the USA The voyage was very hard and unconfortable,when the immigrants landed, they were detained for 'quarantine' in accommodation listing of the most famous, we remember Ellis Island in New York. The newcomers were carefully visited by physicians, registered, interviewed and examined by government inspectors.

11. Ellis Island became a detention center for deportations: political dissidents, anarchists, without means or work were forced to return to their country of origin. The expelled by force by the United States in 1931 were 62,000, 103,000 and 127,000 the following year in 1933. From 1990 until today houses the Museum of Immigration.

12. Life in the united states: In the main cities of United States were born of ‘littles Italies’, entire neighborhoods inhabited by Italians in whose streets the official language were the various dialects of the country. In these neighborhoods Italians lived in tenements, building of five or six floors, where the living conditions of immigrants were very precarious.

13. The work of Italian immigrants: Italian immigrants often performed the hard jobs rejected by others, including agricultural work, the small street vendors, road works and railway, to guarantee immediate gains to be sent to their families in Italy.