1. Problems and Solutions

2.  What does CBD stand for?  2 minutes – remind yourself what things you would find in the CBD  UK – City/Town Centre  France – Centre-Ville (Town Centre)  USA – Downtown  Australia & NZ – Central Business District

6.  Think about CBD’s that you know  What problems exist (or might exist)?

8. And perhaps the biggest problem lies elsewhere?

9.  Recap….  Name 2 problems associated with the CBD  Name 3 things that would help you to identify an area as being a CBD  What does CBD stand for?  Name the 4 parts of the core/frame model of the CBD

10.  Urban Decline  Old, poorly maintained buildings  Competition from Out of Town Shopping  Rising crime, much of which is fuelled by alcohol

11.  Traffic Congestion  Old road network built before mass car ownership  Rise in car ownership  Cut backs and privatisation of public transport  Suburbanisation – people live too far to walk into town

12.  Broadmead outdated shopping centre  Open to the elements  Lack of adequate parking  Congestion putting customers off  Urban decline  Cribbs Causeway OOT shopping centre built 5 miles away

13.  Cabot's Circus and Cinema  Road layout changed  Network of bus and cycle lanes  Increase tourism and festivals

14.  Huge investment in @Bristol and M-Shed  Building programme ‘Waterfront’ Urban living

15.  Some of the ‘Waterfront’ apartments have yet to be sold. However, there is a vibrant community of young professionals now living here.  Tourism is up. Bristol is the 9 th most visited city in England with around 400,000 tourists a year.  Although cycling and public transport has improved, congestion is still a major issue  Parking is owned by private companies and they are still expensive compared to the free parking at Cribbs Causeway

16.  Outdated Arndale Shopping Centre  Poor access to the CBD  The Trafford Centre (OOT)  Urban Decline (Piccadilly Area)  Drunks and hobos  Weekend violence

17.  1996 -

18.  Arndale badly damaged  Huge input of Government money to rebuild  Manchester decided to revamp the entire CBD  Urban Decline = Rebuild and modernise the Arndale. Incorporate historical facades to open new designer shops

19.  Congestion = Mass transit System – Metrolink. Designed to link surrounding towns and suburbs.  They did attempt to do a congestion zone like London, but they put it to a vote and the public voted strongly against it  Piccadilly and Victoria train stations totally revamped to encourage use

21.  Plan to split up the CBD into different zones to avoid conflict  Northern Quarter – Quirky, coffee shops, bars, indie fashion  Deansgate – Posh bars and restaurants. Urban living (apartments)  Gay Village (Canal Street)  Student Village (Oxford Road)  Peterfield (G-Mex, hotels, conference centres)  Market Street (Shopping, new Arndale)

23.  Another aim was the make the CBD accessible to all groups in society 24/7  The first part of this plan was to build new apartments for all budgets. Increasing the population living in the CBD meant that the streets were busier, lowering the likelihood of crime  The second was to build new leisure facilities such as the Printworks cinema, M.E.N Arena and restaurant complex

24.  Manchester is now unrecognisable from the CBD that existed in the 1990’s.  Parking costs still mean that some favour the Trafford Centre.  Manchester is now a bustling CBD day and night, crime is down and building occupancy up  Population living here is growing

25.  Before and After

26.  It has gone….. Well, not quite, it is Manchester after all……..