1. CHAPTER 2 What civilization is each arrow pointing toward?
EARLY RIVER VALLY CIVILIZATIONS

2. Unpredictable flooding IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
SECTION 1 GUIDED READING: CITIES STATES OF MESOPOTAMIA How did the Sumerians solve problems?
THE PROBLEMS
THE SOLUTIONS
Unpredictable flooding
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
How could they protect themselves?
BUILD GREAT WALLS
How could they get materials to build with?
TRADE
How should the city-states be ruled?
DYNASTIES; give MILITARY leaders power
What could be done to please the gods and earn protection?
Offer sacrifices; Build Ziggurats

3. List examples of Sumerian culture in the Pyramids below.

4. Identify HAMMURABI; the characteristics of an empire; and the process of cultural diffusion.
An empire is characterized by the unification of several peoples, nations, or formerly independent states under one ruler. The Babylonian ruler Hammurabi unified diverse groups within his empire by creating a uniform code of laws. Through trade and war, people come into contact with other people and exchange ideas, beliefs, and technology through the process of cultural diffusion.

5. GUIDED READING SECTION 2 Pyramids on the Nile
GOVERNMENT
Why is Narmer a legendary hero in ancient Egyptian history?
He united Upper and Lower Egypt
How did the role of Egyptian pharaohs differ from the role of Mesopotamian rulers?
Egyptian pharaohs were gods who ruled over gov, religion,& the military. Mesopotamian kings were representatives of gods.
Why did the Egyptians build for their kings?
Pyramids were resting places from which their rulers could reign forever after death

6. CULTURE
How did Egyptian religious beliefs compare with those of the Mesopotamians?
Both were polytheistic; Egyptians believed in an afterlife; Mesopotamians had a bleak view of death.
What social classes made up Egyptian society?
Royal family; upper, middle, & lower classes; and slaves
What were significant achievements of the ancient Egyptians in science and technology?
Developed a number system, form of geometry, columns in architecture, calendar, medical procedures, mummification
How did the Egyptian writing system compare with the Mesopotamian system?
Both systems began with pictures to represent ideas.

7. Explain why Ancient Egypt was viewed as the “gift of the Nile”.
The Nile provided Egyptians with water from distant mountains, rich fertile soil, especially in the Delta region, and abundant harvests. The Nile was a reliable source of transportation between Upper and Lower Egypt, two distinct regions that developed between the first cataract, or rapids, and the Mediterranean.

8. Guided Reading Section 3 Planned Cities on the INDUS

9. Explain how the MONSOONS affect the climate and in turn the people of the Indus Valley.
From Oct. to May winter Monsoons from the northeast blow dry air across land; spring monsoons blow from the southwest carrying great rain clouds. People of the Indus must cope with the cycle of wet and dry seasons brought by the monsoons and the severe drought and flooding that may result.

10. Guided Reading Section 4 River Dynasties in China; Describe the following features of the Shang Dynasty
Geographic Features
Huang he & Yangtze
river systems, Plateau
Of Tibet, Gobi Desert,
Mongolian Plateau,
Himalaya Mountains
Environmental Features
Flooding of the Huang He. Geographic Isolation
Settlements
Walled cities; Elaborate palaces, tombs, timber-framed homes within city
Social Classes
Warrior Nobles and Peasants
Role of Family
Central authority in Chinese society; elderly had special privileges; women treated as inferior
Religious Beliefs
Worshipped ancestors, supreme god, and lesser god, consulted gods with Oracle Bones
Writing System
Many written characters, each represented an idea
Technological Advances
Manufactured weapons & religious items, Bronzework
Artistry
Embroidered silk clothing

11. Use the Terms Mandate of Heaven and Feudalism to describe the form of government under the Zhou
Zhou leaders viewed royal authority as divine, a Mandate of Heaven. To govern a vast empire. Zhou leaders established feudalism, a political system in which nobles were given control over royal lands in return for service to the king.

12. CULTURAL DIFFUSION
Process in which a new idea or a product spreads form one culture to another

13. EMPIRE
Group of peoples, nations, or previously independent states under the control of one ruler.

14. Polytheism
The belief in more than one god

15. Theocracy
Type of government in which rule is based on religious authority

16. Hieroglyphics
Egyptians writing system in which symbols stood for sounds as well as ideas

17. Papyrus
Paper-like writing surface that the Egyptians made from reeds

18. Monsoon
Seasonal winds that dominate India’s continent

19. Loess
Fertile soil that forms a yellowish silt and is deposited when the Huang He overflows

20. Hammurabi
The Babylonian ruler who put together a single, uniform code of laws was …………..

21. Fertile Crescent
An acre of land in Southwest Asia that provided rich farming land in ancient times is called the ………..

22. Dynasty
A series of rulers from the single family is a …………

23. The Indus Valley
The earliest civilization in Asia arose in …………….

24. Harappan Civilization
The Indus Valley civilization is also called the …………..

25. Mandate of Heaven
The Chinese view that royal authority came form the gods is called the …………