1. VITAMINS
SHARK LIVER OIL, AMLA
PH103.55

2. Department of Technical Education Andhra Pradesh
Name : BVSN Murty
Designation : Lecturer in Pharmacy
Branch : PHARMACY
Institute : Govt.,Polytechnic for Women, Srikakulam
Year/Semester : I Year
Subject : Pharmacognosy
Subject code : PH-103
Topic : VITAMINS
Duration : 50 Mts
Sub Topic : SHARK LIVER OIL, AMLA
Teaching Aids : PPT, PHOTOGRAPHS
PH103.55
ER-91/PH-103/1 of 5

3. Objectives On completion of this period you would be able to know :
Vitamins
Monographs of Shark liver oil and Amla
PH103.55

4. Known to Unknown What is Scurvy? It is caused due to what?
Can you name one fruit which is used for Scurvy?
What is the source of Vitamin A from Fish oils?
PH103.55

5. Vitamins
Definition : These are the substances essential in minute quantities for the maintenance of normal metabolic functions, but are not synthesized by human body own, hence to be supplied from the out side sources.
Vitamins play an important role in energy transformation reactions
PH103.55

6. Vitamins Classification of Vitamins :
Fat soluble vitamins : A, D, E and K
Water soluble vitamins : Bcomplex and C
Vitamins obtained from Natural Sources :
Cod liver oil (Vit.A and D), Shark liver oil (Vit.A),
Carrots (Vit.A), Amla (Vit.C) and Yeast (Vit. Bcomplex)
PH103.55

7. Shark Liver Oil Synonym : Oleum selachoids
Biological sources: Shark liver oil is a fixed oil Obtained from the fresh and carefully preserved livers of various species of Shark mainly
Hypoprion brevirostris
In India Scoliodon, Carcharias and Sphyrna are the abundant among the species
Should contain not less than 6000 IU activity of Vitamin A
PH103.55

8. Sharks
Fig.55.1 Shark
Fig.55.2 Shark
PH103.55

9. Shark Liver Oil Geographical Source : In India oil is obtained from
Tamil Nadu
Maharastra
Kerala
Also obtained from most of the European countries
PH103.55

10. Shark Liver Oil Description : Colour : Pale yellow to brownish yellow
Odour : Characteristic fishy, but not rancid
Taste : Bland or fishy
Solubility : Soluble in ether, chloroform and light petroleum
Insoluble in water.
Slightly soluble in Ethyl alcohol
PH103.55

11. Shark Liver Oil Standards: Specific Gravity : 0.912 to 0.916
Refractive index : to at 40°C
Acid value : Not more than 2
Iodine value : Not less than 90
Chemical Constituents:
• Shark liver oil contains Vitamin A
• Glycerides of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
PH103.55

12. Shark Liver Oil Identification :
Dissolve 1 gm of shark liver oil in 1 ml of chloroform and treat with 0.5 ml of
Sulphuric acid Violet color Purple color
Brown
PH103.55

13. Shark Liver Oil
2. Dissolve 0.1ml of Shark liver oil in 10 ml of chloroform and treat with saturated solution of Antimony trichloride Blue color
PH103.55

14. Shark Liver Oil Uses : In the deficiency of Vitamin A
Used as Antixerophthalmic factor
Storage :
Preserved in well filled and well closed containers
protected from light and in cool place
PH103.55

15. Amla Synonym : Emblica, Indian goose berry, Embelic, Myrobalan
Biological source : Dried as well as fresh fruitsof the plant
Emblica officinalis
Family : Euphorbiaceae
Fig.55.3 Amla fruits
PH103.55

16. Amla Geographical Source : India Srilanka Burma Fig.55.4 Amla Tree

17. Amla Organoleptic characters : Color : Green changing to light yellow
Odour : None
Taste : Sore and Astringent
Size : 1.5 to 2.5 Cm in diameter
Shape : Fruits are depressed, Globose
PH103.55

18. Amla Chemical Constituents : Vitamin C 0.5% fat Phyllemblin 5%Tannins
Phosphorus
Calcium
Iron
Pectin
Fig.55.5 Amla fruits
PH103.55

19. Amla
Chemical test:
To the aqueous solution of Amla add lead acetate or Gelatin,
Remove the ppt by filtration.
To the filtrate add solution of 2,6–dichlorophenol indophenol
Color disappears
PH103.55

20. Amla Uses : Diuretic Refrigerant Laxative In Diarrhoea and Dysentery
Also administered in Jaundice
Dyspepsia
Anaemia
Alcoholic extract is used as Antiviral
Popular ingredient of Triphala and Chyavanprash
PH103.55

21. Summary In this class we learnt about :
Shark liver oil is prepared from fresh and carefully preserved livers of various species of shark.
It contains Vitamin A
It is used as Antixerophthalmic factor
PH103.55

22. Summary In this class we learnt about :
Emblica officinalis contains fresh and dried fruits
Belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae
Contains Vitamin C
Used as source of Vitamin C
PH103.55

23. Quiz Shark liver oil is used in the deficiency of Vitamin A Vitamin B
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
PH103.55

24. Quiz 2. Which of the following Vitamin is soluble in water Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
Vitamin K
PH103.55

25. Quiz 3. Shark liver oil is used in the treatment of Rickets Beriberi
Scurvy
Xerophthalmia
PH103.55

26. Quiz 4. Amla contains which of the following Vitamin A Vitamin B
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
PH103.55

27. Quiz 5. Amla belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae Solanaceae Rubiaceae
Umbellifereae
PH103.55

28. Quiz Which of the following constituent is present in Amla Steriods
Vitamins
Glycosides
Alkaloids
PH103.55

29. Frequently Asked Questions
Write the uses and constituents of Shark liver oil
Write the monograph of Shark liver oil and Amla
What are Vitamins. Give an account on Shark liver oil and Amla
PH103.55