2. Scientists classify animals and nonliving things into groups according to their features or characteristics in order to understand how animals compare with one another Classifying Organisms

3. Classifying One way scientists group living this is by how they use food for energy

4. Producers, Consumers, Decomposers Producers: living things that make their own food – Ex. Trees, bushes, grass, wildflowers Consumers: a living thing that eats other living things for energy – Ex. Animals (they can move from place to place to get food) Decomposers: breaks down the remains of dead organisms to feed on them – Ex. Mushrooms, fungi, bacteria

5. Classifying Organisms Producer? Consumer? Decomposer? Vertebrates Invertebrates

6. Vertebrates Animals that have a backbone

7. All vertebrates have… A backbone Covering of skin the protects them Skeleton inside their body Muscles that help them move Blood moves through tubes Lungs or gills for breathing

8. Name some animals that are vertebrates Vertebrates are classified into five different groups

9. Mammals Give birth to live babies (do not lay eggs) Mothers produce milk to feed their babies Mammals are warm-blooded: their bodies produce heat Have fur, or hair that helps keep them warm

10. Birds Birds are NOT mammals because they lay eggs They are covered with feathers – Most can fly, but some cannot (penguins) – Warm-blooded

11. Fish Live in water and breathe with gills Fish have scales to protect their bodies Cold-blooded – their bodies are the same temperature as their surroundings Reproduce (make more of their kind) by laying eggs in water

12. Reptiles Live on land and breathe with lungs Covered with scales and live in warmer climates Reproduce by laying eggs Their body temperatures change with their surroundings Ex: snakes, lizards, turtles, alligators, crocodiles

13. Amphibians Live in water and breathe with gills when they are young As they become adults, they spend more time on land Breathe with lungs when they are adults All amphibians are cold- blooded Ex. Frogs, toads, newts, salamanders

14. Vertebrates http://safeshare.tv/w/OgegrloEXk Vertebrate Classification http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/k idscorner/games/animalclassgame.swf

15. If vertebrates are animals with a backbone, what is the opposite of a vertebrate?

16. Invertebrates Invertebrate: animals that do not have a backbone

17. Invertebrates 90% of all animals are invertebrates! Tend to be small because they do not have a backbone Many live in the ocean because the water helps support their weight Some have a hard covering or shell on the outside of their bodies for protection – Insects, spiders, crabs, snails, clams http://safeshare.tv/w/frzhLzQl mg Click on the picture!

18. Bill Nye – Invertebrates Answer the video questions while you watch

19. So! If you are walking in the park and find an animal that you have never seen before, you can classify it by its appearance! What are some questions you might ask?

20. Other Ways to Group Animals 1.You can group animals by their environment (where they live) 2.Foods they eat

21. How Living Things Are Classified http://safeshare.tv/w/OCScbmjRgP

22. Plant Classification Plants do not have fur, scales, or blood, so how are they classified? They are divided into two groups: vascular and nonvascular

23. Plant Structure Plants have 3 main parts: roots, stems, and leaves – Roots: take in water and nutrients from the soil – Stems: move water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves – Leaves: capture the energy of the sunlight and use it to make food for the plant

24. Photosynthesis Plants use sunlight to make food through photosynthesis – Take in water – Take carbon dioxide from the air – A green material called chlorophyll traps the sunlight in leaves – Energy of the sunlight changes water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen – Plants use the sugar for food and release oxygen into the air as waste – http://www.brainpop.com/science /cellularlifeandgenetics/photosynt hesis/preview.weml http://www.brainpop.com/science /cellularlifeandgenetics/photosynt hesis/preview.weml

25. Vascular Plants (higher plants) Vascular means “having tubes” – Have tubes that carry water from their roots to leaves – When the weather is dry, plants use up the water in their tubes – Then, their stems get limp and the plants wilt – Examples: trees, grasses, and most garden plants – http://safeshare.tv/w/RPOSZQIOrW http://safeshare.tv/w/RPOSZQIOrW

26. Nonvascular (lower plants) Plants that do not have tubes – These plants soak up water and food from the soil, like sponges – These plants are much smaller because they have to be touching the soil – Ex. Moss and Liverworts

27. Another Way to Group Plants You can also group plants by the way they reproduce (produce new plants) Plants reproduce by: 1.Producing seeds 2.Producing cones 3.Producing spores

28. Producing Seeds or Cones Plants first produce flowers with pollen in them – Pollen is a special dust that helps plants reproduce – Bees, birds, bats, and the wind carry pollen from one plant to another – After plants receive pollen, they produce seeds – http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgen etics/pollination/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgen etics/pollination/

29. Producing Seeds or Cones Example: Apple trees bloom in the spring. Bees and other animals spread the pollen to the flowers in the tree. Each flower that receives pollen grows into a fruit.

30. Producing Seeds or Cones Pine trees produce cones, but no flowers – The cones contain pollen, which animals spread from cone to cone – The trees’ seeds form into cones

31. Seeds and Cones Coniferous Plants: plants that form seeds in cones – These trees keep their leaves in winter

32. Seeds and Cones Deciduous Plants: trees that lose its leaves in the winter

33. Plants with Seeds http://studyjams.scholastic.com/stud yjams/jams/science/plants/plant- with-seeds.htm

34. Producing Spores Some plants do NOT produce flowers, pollen, seeds, or cones Instead, they produce spores – A tiny cell that can grow into a plant Spores drop off the plant into the soil, and then a new plant grows – Ferns and Moss

35. Plants Without Seeds http://studyjams.scholastic.com/stud yjams/jams/science/plants/plants- without-seeds.htm

36. Plant Classification Plants can also be classified by: – The shape of their leaves – Flower colors, shapes, sizes, number of petals

37. Magic School Bus Gets Planted http://safeshare.tv/w/fsHnpOFZOr

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