1. The Passive Voice

2.  When the agent (active subject)is unknown People speak English all over the world. English is spoken all over the world.  When the agent is understood or is not important.  Don Quixote was written in 1605 (by….)  Guernica was painted in 1937 (by..) When do we use Passive Voice?

3. 4 To make the object of the active verb more important Christopher Columbus discovered America subject object by America was discovered by Christopher Columbus subject When do we use it?

4. We use the passive when:  we want to make the active object more important  we do not know the active subject FUNCTIONSUBJECTVERBOBJECT Give importance to active object President Kennedy was killedby Lee Harvey Oswald Active subject unknown My wallethas been robbed ¿?

5. THE PASSIVE VOICE STRUCTURE

6. 4 Subject 4 Subject: Person or object that suffered/enjoyed the results of an action. to be 4 The verb "to be" in the tense the action occurred. Past Participle 4 The Past Participle of the verb that represents the action itself. complements 4 Whatever complements that verb needs. byagent 4 We can also use by + the agent. Structure of the passive sentence

7. BE to BE gives us the tense of the action Past Participle the principal verb is always in Past Participle THE PASSIVE VERB to BE (in the active tense) + Past Participle (main verb) ACTIVEPASSIVE She wants an ice-cream.An ice-cream is wanted. He sends a letter.A letter is sent. We buy a car.A car is bought. They cut the grassThe grass is cut.

8. Passive Tenses passive FormExamples Present SimpleAm/is/ are + PPThe house is cleaned everyday Past SimpleWas/ Were + PPThe house was cleaned yesterday Present/Past Continuous  Am/are/is being + PP  Was/ were being +PP  The house is being cleaned now.  The house was being cleaned yesterday at 7:00 Present Perfect/ Past Perfect  Has been+ PP  Had been + PP  The house has been cleaned today  The house had been cleaned before we arrived WillWill be + PPThe house will be cleaned tomorrow

9. Structure of the verb TENSESEXAMPLES Present SimplePigs are often used to find truffles Present ContinuousMy house is being redecorated at the moment Present PerfectI have never been given flowers on my birthday Past SimpleGuernica was painted by Picasso Past ContinuousWhen I saw him he was being followed by the police Past PerfectShe was angry because she had already been told three times Future SimpleWhen you get there everything will be finished Going to - FutureThey are not going to be easily convinced Conditional SimpleYou would be punished if they found out Conditional PerfectIf you hadn’t told them would I have been invited?

10. The passive sentence ACTIVE VOICE Active Subject Active Verb Direct Object Robertstudies English English by Passive Verb Passive Subject Agent PASSIVE VOICE English is studied by Robert.

11. French & German. 1/ Swiss people speak French & German. French & German are spoken 2/ French & German are spoken by Swiss people. your life. 1/ This book changes your life. Your life is changed 2/ Your life is changed by this book. Examples

12. the grass. 1/ They cut the grass. The grass is cut. 2/ The grass is cut. your question 1/ They answer your question Your question is answered 2/ Your question is answered Examples

13. takesher 1/ Someone takes her to the hospital after the crash. is taken 2/ She is taken to the hospital after the crash. the children 1/ They don´t allow the children to do these things. The children are not allowed 2/ The children are not allowed to do these things. More examples with 2 objects

14. 4 GETBE 4 GET is used instead of BE with passive meaning. Informal English. I got stuck in a traffic jam She is getting married NEEDWANT 4 After NEED/WANT the -ing form can be used with passive meaning This job needs doing That room wants cleaning More passive stuff

15. something 4 HAVE/ GET something done: Arranging for or paying for somebody to do something for you. (Get is more informal). his hair He had his hair cut her carpet She got her carpet cleaned our car We have had our car mended their book They had got their book translated More passive stuff HAVE + Object + Past Participle

16. 4 Verbs like: Believe, Think, Consider, Say, Report, Know, Expect, Feel, Understand, Find 1.Introductory IT is used is said he started the fire It is said that he started the fire is thought she doesn't live in London It is thought that she doesn't live in London was known the King is coming tomorrow It was known that the King is coming tomorrow More passive stuff IT + passive verb + complete subordinate sentence without changes

17. 4 Verbs like: Believe, Think, Consider, Say, Report, Know, Expect, Feel, Understand, Find is said he started the fire It is said that he started the fire (action in the Past) He is said to have started the fire He is said to have started the fire (Infinitive Perfect) is thought she doesn't live in London It is thought that she doesn't live in London (Present) She is thought to live in London She is thought to live in London (Infinitive Present) More passive stuff Subordinate subject + verb passive + subordinate active verb in INFINITIVE.

18. Describing a process 4 The following description of how to make popcorn is in the active voice. Turn it into the passive voice: 4 Popcorn is something you often eat when you watch a movie at a cinema. It is very easy to make perfect popcorn if follow the correct procedure.

19. How to make popcorn: 4 First, put three tablespoons of oil in a large pot. Then, heat the oil on a high flame until one kernel of popcorn pops when you drop it into the hot oil. Now, pour a quarter cup of popcorn into the pot and cover the pot with a lid. Reduce the flame and gently shake the pot. Continue shaking until the corn has popped. Finally, empty the popcorn into a large bowl and add melted butter and salt. 4 As you can see making popcorn is very simple if you follow the steps above. Enjoy your movie!

20. More ideas: 4 Now think of another process you could describe. Here are some ideas: 4 At home: how your favourite dish is cooked. How fresh orange juice is made. How to add memory to your computer. How a particular report is compiled or process carried out at work. 4 How a manufacturing process works e.g. making paper, making glass, recycling, vegetable cultivation, etc. 4 Other ideas: giving blood, changing a tyre, getting a drivers licence, getting married, renewing your passport.