1. Chapter 21, Section 4

2.  1. What are the two paths to US citizenship?  2. List desirable qualities of potential citizens… as many as you can  3. Who has the power over immigration and citizenship laws?  4. Can someone have their citizenship taken away? Explain…  5. The rights listed in the Constitution are intended to protect who?

3.  http://www.theindianreporter.com/blogs/stand_ alones/pics2009/Obama_Cartoons.jpg http://www.theindianreporter.com/blogs/stand_ alones/pics2009/Obama_Cartoons.jpg  http://media.photobucket.com/image/citizenshi p%20cartoons/angelolopez/Cartoons%2520for%2 520Everyday%2520Citizen/Jaspergoestotwoprotes ts.gif http://media.photobucket.com/image/citizenshi p%20cartoons/angelolopez/Cartoons%2520for%2 520Everyday%2520Citizen/Jaspergoestotwoprotes ts.gif  http://s2.hubimg.com/u/595461_f520.jpg http://s2.hubimg.com/u/595461_f520.jpg  http://0.tqn.com/d/politicalhumor/1/0/5/3/4/ Obama-Proof-Citizenship.jpg http://0.tqn.com/d/politicalhumor/1/0/5/3/4/ Obama-Proof-Citizenship.jpg  http://www.cartoonaday.com/images/cartoons/ 2011/04/Birthers-political-cartoon-598x426.jpg http://www.cartoonaday.com/images/cartoons/ 2011/04/Birthers-political-cartoon-598x426.jpg

4.  Two ways to citizenship:  Birth  Naturalization

5.  In your opinion, what requirements should immigrants meet to become citizens?

6.  18 Years Old  Lawfully Admitted  Been here for at least 5 years  Good Moral Character  Language  History Knowledge  Oath of Allegiance

7.  One who owes allegiance to the U.S. and is entitled to its protection.

8.  Constitution had no definition for “ citizen ” until 14 th Amendment (1868).  “ Born or naturalized in the U.S., are citizens of U.S. and the State they reside. ”

9.  90%  Jus Soli (law of the soil), location of birth  ALL States, DC, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, American Embassies and vessels anywhere.  Jus sanguinis (law of the blood)  1 parent is citizen who has lived in U.S.

10.  Legal process of becoming a citizen  Congress has power exclusively, not the States.  Alien???  Individually (800,000 per year) or collectively (very rare, acquiring a new territory)  U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services reports case to judge, judge rules.

11.  Expatriation - legal process to voluntarily abandon citizenship.  Congress cannot take away citizenship for something he/she has done.  Denaturalization - Involuntary loss of “ naturalized” citizenship.  Citizenship gained by fraud

12.  All of us have come here from abroad, except for Native Americans.  2.5 million people in 1776 ---> over 300 million today. How?????

13.  No attempt to regulate immigration as long as land and work were plentiful.  Encouraged for 1 st 100 years.  Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) : 1 st major restriction.  More “ undesirables” added to the list of excluded.  Qualitative Restrictions (personal characteristics).

14.  Quantitative Restrictions (numerical)  Quotas: limit the # of immigrants that can come from each country, each year.  NO LONGER ACTIVE

15.  Immigration Act of 1990, still controversial b/c it upped the number from 500,000 to nearly 700,000.  Family-preference policy.  Occupational talents.  Excluded list is long : criminals, people w/ contagious diseases, addicts, illiterates, mentally disturbed, and so on…….

16.  Aliens get all the same Constitutional guarantees as citizens, however, they are subject to deportation.  Illegal entry most common  Conviction of Crime  Deportation is not a criminal punishment.

17.  About 13 million  Mainly Mexico, but also Canada  Sneak in, forged papers, or overstay their welcome  Easy to become “invisible.”  What potential problems does this create?

18.  Employers who knowingly hire undocumented aliens can be fined from $250 - $10,000.  Much has been done to tighten up our borders and seek out the invisible.