1. quality ① [C]( 人的 ) 品质 ; ( 物的 ) 特性 ② [U] 质量 kindness is one of his good qualities. The coffee is of high / poor quality. die for 为 … 而死 be dying for sth / to do sth. 渴望得到某物 / 做某事 I’m dying for a cup of coffee. // I’m dying to read his new book. die out 绝种，灭绝，不复存在 This kind of bird is dying out. die away 逐渐消失 The sound of their laughter died away. die down 减弱，平息 His anger has died down a bit. What qualities does a great person have? He died for his ideas but his work was later used in the Bible.

2. devote oneself / one’s life / time to sth / to doing sth. 致力于, 献身于, 把 … 用在 He devoted every minute to his work. He devoted himself to helping the poor. be devoted to 致力于，献身于；热爱，忠于 The woman is devoted to her husband and children. ________ to his life career / __________ himself to his life career, he received respect from all of the world. devoted adj. 忠实的 a devoted follower devotion [U] 致力，献身，用于；挚爱，忠诚 His devotion to his students leaves too little time for his children. A great person is someone who devotes his / her life to helping others. DevotedDevoting

3. fight for 为 … 而战 fight against 为反对 … 而战 fight with 与 … 并肩作战；与 … 作斗争 fight against A with B 和 B 一起同 A 作斗争 England fought with France against Germany in the second world war. n. 战斗 ; 打架 a fight between two dogs a freedom fighter a firefighter Norman Bethune fought against the German Nazis and Japanese invaders during World War II. Gandhi gave up a rich life for his ideas and fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way.

4. be in prison 在狱中，被监禁（表状态） ↔ out of prison He has been in prison for five years. put… in / into prison = send… to prison = throw… into prison 把 … 投入监狱（表动作） The thieves have been put in prison. prisoner n. My father came to ____ prison to see an old friend who had been in ____ prison for 2 years. A. the; the B. the; / C. /; / D. /; the He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years.

5. He was the first man to land on the moon in July. the first / second… last to do He is the first man to cross the finishing line. He is always the first to come and the last to go. 听从 / 接受某人的劝告 follow / take sb’s advice advise sb to do advise doing sth 建议某人做某事 advise that sb (should) do We ______ them to ______ early. We advise their __________ early. We advise that they _______________ early. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. adviseset off (should) set off setting off =suggest

6. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. guidance [U] 指导, 引导 under the guidance of an experienced teacher 在 … 的指导 [ 引 ] 下 He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. generous adj. 慷慨，大方 （ mean 吝啬） Your father was very generous to give you so much money. be generous with 不吝惜 … They are generous with their advice (help / money / time).

7. see / witness 见证，目睹； ( 在某段时期 ) 发生 ( 某情况 ) The last few months have seen more and more traffic accidents. The city has seen many changes. stage / position / scene / case / situation / point 作先行词时， 引导定语从句用 where 或者 in which 。 I can think of many cases ____ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. A. whyB. whichC. asD. where After graduation she reached a point in her career where she needed to decide what to do. The last thirty years have seen the greatest …, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.

8. … only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 当 only 修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装 的结构。 ( 副词, 介词短语, 状语从句 ) Only here can you find this kind of flower. Only in this way / by practicing can we learn English well. Only when he failed the test was he determined to work hard. only 修饰主语时，句子不倒装。 Only he knew how to solve the problem.

9. equal adj. 相等的，相当的；平等的；能胜任的 They are equal in ability. = They are of equal ability. be equal to 等于，胜任 Twice three is equal to six. I’m not equal to the position. equal v. 等于； ( 在 … 方面 ) 比得上，与 … 匹敌 Two plus two equals four. None of us can equal her as a dancer. But I was happy to help because I knew it was to realize our dream of making black and white people equal.

10. turn to 找 … 寻求帮助；变成；翻到 There is nobody she can turn to. turn to a dictionary for help Water turns to steam at 100 centigrade. turn to page 10 Why did Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal.

11. in trouble 有麻烦，处于不幸中 He never came except when he was in trouble. have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth. have trouble / difficulty with sth. Whenever we have trouble with our studies, we can turn to our teachers for help. get sb. into trouble 给人找麻烦, 使某人陷入困境 If you do that, you might get me into trouble. put sb. to trouble 给某人造成麻烦，增添麻烦 I am sorry for putting you to so much trouble. take the trouble (to do sth.) 费心，费事 Please take the trouble to read the letter carefully. Elias went to see Mandela when he was in trouble.

12. The scientist from whom … never lose heart when he was in trouble. lose heart 灰心，丧失信心 lose one’s heart to sb / sth 爱上，喜欢上，倾心于 heart and soul break one’s heart 全心全意使心碎 learn sth. by heart put one’s heart into … 记在心上，熟记一心扑在 Though the girl doesn’t lose ____ heart to him, he doesn’t lose ____ heart. He still works as hard as usual. A. her; / B. the; his C. /; his D. her; the

13. It was a prison from which no one escaped. escape from sp. She managed to escape from the burning car. escape sth / doing sth 逃脱某事 He narrowly escaped death. escape punishment // being punished. escape n. 逃离，逃脱 He had a narrow escape. escaped adj. 逃跑了的 an escaped prisoner / lion 逃犯 / 逃脱的狮子

14. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. the first time ( 第一次 ) ，可用于引导时间状语从句。 类似的词有： the minute, the moment, directly, immediately ( 一 … 就 …), every / each time ( 每次 ) The students stopped talking the moment they saw the teacher. I knew we would be good friends the first time I met them. for the first time 首次，第一次，在句中作状语。 Many students leave home and live by themselves for the first time.

15. for fear of (doing) sth. 唯恐，以免 for fear that … 唯恐，以免 He told us to keep quiet for fear that we might disturb others. (for fear of disturbing others) in fear of 害怕，担心 Thieves are in fear of the police. We are in fear of more rain. be sentenced to v. 被判处 He was sentenced to two years in prison. n. 判刑，徒刑 [C] a sentence of six months in prison. All the terror and fear of that time came back to me. (be) sentenced to five years’ hard labour

16. … the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward … reward n. 报酬，奖金 A £100 reward has been offered for the return of the necklace. in reward (for) 作为报酬 He was given £100 in reward for the return of the necklace. reward sb with sth She was rewarded for her efforts with a prize. rewarding adj. 有价值的，有报酬的 Teaching can be a very rewarding career.

17. out of breath out of control out of date out of danger out of sight out of order out of one’s reach out of mind out of question out of the question 上气不接下气 不受控制 过时的，废弃的 脱离危险 在看不见的地方 不整齐， … 出故障了 够不到 心不在焉 毫无疑问 = impossible out of work = out of a job 失业

18. 翻译句子 1. 不吝惜帮助别人是他的好品质之一。 (generous; quality) One of his good qualities is that he is always generous with his help. 2. 昨晚，消防队员们同火灾进行了殊死搏斗。 (see/witness; fight) Last night saw firefighters fighting against the fire. 3. 他总是第一个接受我的意见，但最后一个采取行动。 He is always the first to take my advice but the last to take action. 4. 在一个有经验的老师的指导下，我们已经达到了一种境 界：可以自如地用英语与外国人交流。 ( 后半句使用定 语从句 ) Under the guidance of an experienced teacher, we have reach a stage where we can communicate with foreigners in English freely. 5. ( 由于 ) 致力于公共服务，他因劳累而去世。 (devote, 前半 句为分词作状语 ) Devoted to public service, he died from overwork.