1. $UBURBANIZATION

2. Historical settlement throughout US ●Early 1800’s industrial revolution, everyone flocked to city into factories ●Cities made up more than 50%-65% of the population ●Owning large farms was the norm o making own food o maintaining land

3. Historical settlements con. ●After WWII suburbanization sprawled thanks to the wars mass production and the G.I. Bill of Rights ●Government built a network of roads, highways, superhighways, and the underwriting of mortgages(G.I. Bill)

4. Historical cont. ●“American Dream” was born o Owning a car, a house with a white picket fence around it, having a family ●New “American Dream” today

5. Current settlement pattern in US

6. Future settlement pattern

7. Case study of over Urbanization http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/chinas-real- estate-bubble/

8. Case Study of Switzerland ●Going through same suburbanization stage that US went through ●Can take a new path or go down same path the US went down ●Are looking for regulations and laws to be established to control the sprawl of new homes

9. Effects on Energy Usage -Buildings in the US account for 40% of all energy consumed -80% of energy used by households is by single family suburban homes -Urban homes, (apartments, duplexes, etc) account for 15% used by households -Increases our dependence on foreign oil

10. Causes of Energy Consumption -Horizontal Growth vs Vertical Growth -Energy used by homes+commuting cars -The “American Dream”

11. Effects on the Environment -Less space for farming -Increased Air Pollution -Water Overconsumption http://homeguides.sfgate.com/negative-effects-urban-sprawl-1716.html -Loss of Wildlife Habitat

12. Causes -Landscaping (30% of water used in the US daily devoted to this) -Long commutes (average American spends 8 55 hour work weeks in a car)-> -Rapid development

13. Effects on the Economy -Creates jobs (Infrastructure, housing, automobiles, gas, misc) -Increase public costs through pointless infrastructural expansion -Less tax dollars for cities with the middle class moving to suburbs

14. Causes -Cheaper land and lower housing costs lure many homeowners -Increased public spending

15. Tax Cuts ●Simple tax cuts within cities should be able to effectively reduce urban sprawl ●People should be able to decide where they want to live, not forced into the suburbs due to high taxes ●38% of land in LA unused, 30% in NYC, 25% in D.C. ●Tax the land in cities more than building, encouraging development and reducing land speculation in cities

16. Smart Growth (Our Policy) -Urban planning and transportation planning to promote compact, walkable, bikeable neighborhoods -Compact cities -Neighborhood schools, complete streets -Range of housing opportunities and choices -Essentials close by

17. Smart Growth cont. -Mix land usage (Residential and business) -Preserve open space, farm land, natural beauty, and critical environmental areas -Provide easy access to public transportation -Compact neighborhoods

18. Our Policy additions -Mix tax cuts in cities with Smart Growth outside of cities -Encourage vertical growth rather than horizontal growth -Laws preventing speculation to encourage growth in all classes in the city