1. High Middle Ages 1000 - 1350 Birth of a European Civilization

2. Why the High Middle Ages? l Development of effective form of government –Systems of GovernmentSystems of Government l End of invasions l Agricultural inventions –Plow –Horse collar –3-field system l Role of the Church

3. Medieval Society FEUDALISMFEUDALISM MANORIALISMMANORIALISM

4. Feudalism l Local government –Personal relationships –Landowning nobility l Lords --> Vassals –Relationship among equals l Mutual obligations/duties l Effects

5. Medieval Hierarchy l 3 Orders: –Those who fought –Those who prayed –Those who worked

6. Manorialism l Manor l Village vs. Homestead –Why? l Serfs –“Bound to the Land” –Benefits? l Peasants

7. Life on a Medieval Manor l What do you see depicted?

8. Religion l Christianity –The Church l Foundation of Medieval Society –Birth to Death

9. Role of Religion l The “Medieval Mind” –Hierarchy: Primacy of the other world over this world –True meaning - God l Pilgrimages, relics, cult of the virgin –Key Intellectual issue: l How can I know about God? –Faith/revelation

10. Role of Religion l The Church as an Institution –Unifier –Mediator –Economic Power –Papal Power

11. Rise of New Elements l Medieval Society –Vibrant and dynamic l New elements will threaten stability –Rise of Feudal Monarchs –Rise of Trade –Social Changes –Education

12. Rise of Feudal Monarchs l Medieval kings - cooperation –Military support –Advisory Councils l Examples? l Attempt to increase power by: –Hereditary title –Royal officials –Taxation –Control of bishops –Support of towns l Theme: Monarch vs. nobility –Men in TightsMen in Tights Philip II (1165-1223)

13. Magna Carta: Limits on Power l King John I (1164-1216) –Reigned (1199-1216) l Oppressive rule l English barons rebel –Demand constitutional reform l June, 1215: Runnymede –Forced to sign Magna Carta l Symbol of sovereignty of law l Law applies to king as well as everyone else

14. Economic Revival l Rise of Trade –Early M. Ages: Manor –East-West Trade –Medieval Fairs –Emergence of money –Limited Industry l Craftsmen l Growth of Towns –1100: 20 or 30 miles l Dramatic growth –Corporate liberties –Battle lords

15. Economic Revival l Feudalism weakens –Italy: City-states –HRE: Imperial free cities –France/England: Charters of liberty l Formation of Leagues –Hanse l Which countries will develop strong national monarchies? Hanseatic Merchant Ship

16. Economic Revival l Emergence of Merchant Class –“Misfits” l Medieval View of Wealth –“Just Price”

17. Medieval Cities l Town life vs. Manor –Less comfortable –Less sanitary –More dangerous –Opportunities!

20. Economic Solidarity l Protective Measures –Restrictions on sale of food –Prohibition of certain trades in the country –Tariffs –Fees –Formation of Guilds

21. Guild System l Purpose: Exercise monopoly of power over marketing and business activities of their town l Examples

22. Social Changes l Upward mobility l Serfs --> Townspeople –Serfdom disappears l Middle Class l Money vs. Land

23. Medieval Education l Renewed interest in learning –Re-discovery of classical learning l Byzantines/Muslims l Universities –Developed from Cathedral Schools l Balogna l Sorbonne l Oxford Oxford University

24. Medieval Education l Faith vs. Reason –St. Thomas Aquinas (1225?-1274) –“The Dumb Ox” –Scholasticism l Reconcile Classical learning with Christian theology –“Summa Theologica”

25. New Elements - Rising Tensions l Feudal kings vs. nobility l Church vs. feudal kings l Middle Class vs. nobility l Secularism vs. religion