2. At the end of this session the participants should be able to conceptualize: 1. health in its physical, mental, social and spiritual context; 2. environment to be an important factor in the interaction of agent and host in the epidemiological or ecological triad; 3. the physical, biological and psychosocial environment and understand their impact on health.

3. “Healthy people are those who live in healthy homes on a healthy diet; in an environment equally fit for birth, growth, work, healing, and dying... Healthy people need no bureaucratic interference to mate, give birth, share the human condition, and die.” -Ivan Illich

4. It is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

5. It is a condition under which the individual is able to mobilize all his resources, intellect, emotional and physical- for optimum living.

6. This concept recognizes the strength of social, economic, political and environmental influences on health.

7. Heredity Welfare services Environment Socio-economic conditions Health and family Life-style

8. Disease is a result from complex interaction between man, an agent and the environment. From ecological point of view, disease is defined as “maladjustment of the human organism to the environment”.

9. Environment Vector Agent Host

10. Environment (Physical, biological and psychosocial) Human activities health of individual

11. All of the external factors affecting an organism. These factors may be other living organisms (biotic factors) or nonliving variables (abiotic factors), such as temperature, rainfall, day length, wind, and ocean currents. The interactions of organisms with biotic and abiotic factors form an ecosystem.

12. Macro-environment or the external environment -is said to be responsible for millions of preventable diseases originating in it. Micro-environment -is the Domestic environment in which man lives. Internal environment -is some time used for the environment inside the body

13. PHYSICAL: air, water, soil, housing, climate, geography, heat, light, noise, debris, radiation, etc. BIOLOGICAL: man, viruses, microbial agents, insects, rodents, animals and plants, etc. PSYCHOSOCIAL: cultural values, customs, beliefs, habits, attitudes, morals, religion, education, lifestyles, community life, health services, social and political organization.

14. The environment is all external conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the growth and development of an organism or community of organisms. Environmental health is the study and management of environmental conditions that affect the health and well-being of humans.

19. These are living organisms or their products that are harmful to humans.

20. -Our municipal water treatment facilities are usually able to purify water by removing these agents or killing them by disinfecting the water. -are diseases that are transmitted in drinking water -these disease organisms are shed into the water in feces, and can produce illness in those who consume untreated, contaminated water.

25. -are diseases transmitted in or on food -to protect against food-borne diseases, sanitarians from local health departments routinely inspect food service establishments (restaurants) and retail food outlets (supermarkets) to verify that food is being stored and handled properly.

26. bacteria Salmonella serotype enteritidis Escherichia coli 0157:H7

27. -are those transmitted by insects or other arthropods -improper environmental management can cause vector-borne disease outbreaks.

28. St. Louis encephalitis La Crosse encephalitis They are transmitted by mosquitoes and plague and urine typhus transmitted by fleas.

30. It is a result from mismanagement or misuse of chemicals resulting in an unacceptable risk to human health.

31. -that have been manufactured for the purpose of reducing populations of undesirable organisms (pests) -most pesticides kill non-target organisms as well as the target, or pest species. -the wise use of pesticides can protect human health and agricultural crops.

32. Herbicides Insecticides

33. -is an environmental hazard produced by millions that smoke -diseases associated with ETS include lung cancer and perhaps heart disease -the EPA has classified ETS as a Class A carcinogen

34. -Smoking has been increasingly restricted from public buildings and from many private work sites -Regulation of smoking seems to be the best approach to controlling this pollutant

35. - is a naturally occurring element that is used in the manufacturing of many industrial and domestic products -Health problems associated with the over exposure to lead are anemia, birth defects, bone damage, neurological damage, kidney damage, and others. -Exposure is by ingestion and inhalation.

36. - Children are particularly at risk from eating peeling lead paint. -The prevalence of very high blood lead levels among young children declined significantly between 1984 and 1994 primarily because the removal of lead from gasoline. -Occupational exposure is a major source of lead intake for adults.

38. It includes airborne particles, humidity, equipment design and radiation.

40. are environmental factors that produce psychological changes expressed as stress, depression, hysteria.

42. are those that result from living in a society where one experiences noise, lack of privacy and overcrowding.

44. - Natural disasters are geographical and meteorological events of such magnitude and proximity to communities that they produce significant damage and injuries. -Examples are cyclones, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, typhoons, and volcanic eruptions. -The magnitude of devastation of these events can sometimes be great. -Biological, psychological and sociological hazards may increase following a natural disaster.

46. Valeroso, Daisy Mae Salino, Sarah Gane Marie Abarca, Mariel Velez, Nadene Abes, Liaddy Deguma, Carl Dagohoy, Sahara Azote, Allyn Ceniza, Ching Bee Monding, Anjean