1. Considered to be a conflict between a pathogen and a host Pathogen: organisms that cause disease Host: Provide source of energy for virus or other organism to grow (Human or Animal) Diseases

2.  Non-infectious  Infectious

3.  Bacterial  Viral  Parasites  Fungal  Mutagens can cause non- infectious diseases

4. EPIDEMICPANDEMIC  affects a large number of people in a population, community, or region at the same time  A worldwide epidemic that infects and causes serious illness in humans. -Humans do not have immunity against. -spreads easily from person-to-person and survives within humans. Contagion-Youtube

5. Air Contaminated objects Person to person Animal (vector) Carrier Food and water

6.  Ultraviolet Radiation  Vaccines and Immunity  Antibiotics  Isolation  Quarantine  Keeping Surfaces Clean  Wash Hands  Use care with handling and preparing food

7. Isolation being separated from the general public Quarantine restraining the movements of a person(s) to prevent the spread of disease Youtube

8.  Reading and Guided Notes

10.  Bacteria are single-celled organisms.  There are thousands of types of bacteria, and they live virtually anywhere.  Bacteria are much bigger and more complex than viruses. (But they’re all way too small for you to see.)  Bacteria have the tools to reproduce themselves, by themselves. Therefore, they are LIVING

11.  Bacteria are the oldest form of life on Earth.  Single Celled  Bacteria are Prokaryotes. This means they do not have a nucleus. More simple and smaller than eukaryotes (does have a nucleus)

13. Flagella Hair-like; helps in movement by spinning and pushing the bacterium through water and liquids

14. Out of the thousands of types of bacteria, only a few hundred cause disease. Many bacteria do things that are important and even helpful to us. Life as we know it could not exist without bacteria.

15.  Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Takes nitrogen from the air and changes it to a form that plants can use. (Nitrogen Fixation)  Recycling Decomposer bacteria: breaks down dead matter to make nutrients available to other living things

16.  Bacteria in Food Cheese, Yogurt, buttermilk, & sour cream Lots of food are made with the help of bacteria  Making Medicines Antibiotics: made by bacteria  Insulin 1970s, scientists discovered how to put genes into bacteria so that the bacteria would make human insulin.  Helps people with diabetes. Bacteria and Insulin

17.  Pathogenic bacteria (cause disease) get inside a host organism and takes nutrients from the host’s cells. Harm the host 1.Damage cells and tissues of infected organisms directly by breaking down cells. 2.Releasing toxins (poisons) Many bacteria can live without a host organism, because they are LIVING.

18. Diptheria TB Tetanus Bacterial meningitis Strep Throat Flesh Eating Bacteria E. Coli Salmonella

19. 1. Vaccine: preparation of weakened or killed pathogens. Prompts the body to produce immunity to the disease. Immunity: The body’s ability to destroy new pathogens.

20. 2. Antibiotics: drugs and natural compounds that attack and destroy bacteria in the body Example: Penicillin (NOT effective in Viral Diseases)

21.  Occurs when strains of bacteria in the human body become resistant to antibiotics due to improper use and abuse of antibiotics.  The most common misuse and abuse of antibiotics are: Physicians prescribing antibiotics for viral infections When an antibiotic prescription is not finished (even leaving one or two pills), it leaves some bacteria alive and "resistant" to future antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic Resistance- Brainpop Science Behind the News: Drug-Resistant Bacteria

22. http://www.savemart.com/take-the-bacteria-quiz

23.  Reading and Guided Notes

25.  A virus is a microscopic particle that gets inside a cell and often destroys the cell.  Made up of genetic material and protein  Noncellular  Disease occurs when infection causes damage to the cells  Smaller than the smallest bacteria 5 billion virus particles could fit in a single drop of blood.

26.  Because viruses are non living, all viruses infect living cells (Host) Cannot eat, grow, break down food, or use oxygen Cannot function on its own. Has to have a host in order to reproduce Host Living thing that a virus or parasite lives on or in. How a virus invades a host cell (youtube)

28. Viruses can change rapidly. So, a virus’s effect on living things can also change. Because viruses are so small and change so often, scientists don’t know exactly how many types exist. These properties make viruses very difficult to fight.

29.  Antibiotics do not kill viruses.  Vaccinations  Wash your hands often  Never touch wild animals If you do get sick from a virus: Rest Drink extra fluids See a doctor Influenza & Flu Vaccines

30. Polio Rabies Ebola VideoVideo Small Pox Measles AIDS Mumps Influenza Yellow Fever Common Cold

33.  Feed by taking nutrients from another organism, causing harm.  Organism being harmed by the parasite is called the host.  Symbiotic Relationship: Parasitism

34.  Protists  Fungus  Invertebrates Don’t worry! Not all of these guys are parasitic, but let’s begin our studies on the ones that are.

35.  Eukaryotic (have a nucleus)  Primarily Unicellular (single -celled)  Need a moist environment to live in, such as: fresh or marine water, snow, moist soil, damp soil, or the hairs of an aquatic organism 3 Types of Protists 1.Algae: “Plant-like Protist” (mostly autotrophs) 2.Protozoa: “Animal-like Protist” ( h eterotrophs) 3. Fungus- like Protist (heterotrophs)

36. Amoebic Dysentery Malaria African Sleeping Sickness

37.  Sickness caused by a type of protozoan- protist called “amoeba.”  Transmitted by contaminated foods and drinks.  Commonly related to swallowing water from rivers and lakes.  Treatment include antibiotics called ameobicidal drugs.

38. Amoeba

39.  Caused when a mosquito bites a human or animal and releases a protozoan- protist -called Plasmodium into the bloodstream.  Common symptoms are flu-like, but can progressively lead to death if not treated.  Treatment includes antibiotics known as antimalarial drugs. Monster's Inside of Me

40.  Caused when a TseTse fly bites a human or animal and transmits a protozoan- protist into the bloodstream.  Symptoms include any flu-like symptoms, extreme fatigue/sleepiness, can progress to severe problems within nervous system.  Treated with very strong antibiotics. Monster's Inside of Me

41.  Eukaryotic  Heterotrophs  Have cell wall, but not a plant  Likes to grow in damp, moist environments Major types of fungus include: Mushrooms, Mold, Yeast, Pathogenic Fungus.

42.  Athlete’s Foot  Ringworm  Thrush

43.  Rash on the skin of the foot caused by a fungus  Can get it from: -Touching the toes or feet of someone who has it. -Walking on floors that are infected with it (swimming pools, locker rooms) -Putting on shoes infected with it  Treated with antifungal creams, powders, lotions, and also oral prescriptions. Athlete's Foot began to rot leg

44.  Skin infection caused by fungus.  Characterized by the red ring of scaly skin.  Lives from dead tissue of skin, hair, and nails.  Can get it from sharing infected hats, combs, brushes, towels, sports equipment.  Can also be passed on from household pets to humans.  Treated with antifungal creams, powders, lotions, and also oral prescription.

45.  A yeast (fungal) infection that causes white patches in the mouth.  Most common in babies and the elderly- mostly due to weakened immune system not able to fight overgrowths of yeast (fungus).  Usually treated with antifungal prescriptions. Thrush - Youtube

46.  Tapeworms- a flat segmented worm that lives in the intestines of animals and humans.  Some are transmitted by fleas or ticks. Some are transmitted by coming in contact with feces infected with tapeworm larvae.  Symptoms: Can experience movement throughout intestines and/or flu-like symptoms.  Treatment includes antibiotic medications. Monster's Inside of Me Length of Tapeworms