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Table of Contents
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Lessons 1. Skeletal System Go Go 2. Diseases and Disorders Go Go
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Table of Contents Skeletal system The skeletal system: ▫Provides shape and support to the body ▫Protects vital organs ▫Acts as a set of levers, and together with muscles helps a person move ▫Produces blood cells ▫Stores calcium
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Table of Contents Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones
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Table of Contents Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton (extremities)
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Table of Contents Diaphysis & Epiphysis Articular cartilage Periosteum: outer layer furthest away from the bone Medullary canal: Location of bone marrow Endosteum: thin layer of connective tissue that lines the inner surfaces of all bones
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Table of Contents Red marrow: Blood cell development Yellow marrow: Stores fat and energy
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Table of Contents OSTEOBLAST Bone FORMATION OSTEOCLAST Absorbs bone tissue during GROWTH AND HEALING
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Table of Contents Arthritis: Painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints Sprain: Overstretching and/or tearing of the ligament Fracture: Cracking or breaking of the bone
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Table of Contents Open/Compound: Full break of bone (may or may not puncture through skin)
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Table of Contents Stress: Small hairline fractures caused by repetitive stress (Running, jumping, etc) Spiral: Occur when the body is in motion while one extremity is planted. Greenstick: one side of the bone is broken and the other only bent (mainly in children) Comminuted: Bone shattered in several places
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Table of Contents Dislocation: Bone out of the joint Subluxation: Partial dislocation * A joint is union between two bones
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Joints: union between two bones Ligaments: Connect bone to bone Joints are classified by movement: ▫Diarthrosis– movable ▫Amphiarthrosis– partially movable ▫Synarthrosis– not movable
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Table of Contents Ligament: Connects bone to bone Elbow = UCL (Ulnar collateral ligament) Thumb = UCL (Ulnar collateral ligament) Knee = ACL, PCL, LCL, MCL Ankle = ◦ Medial: Deltoid ligaments ◦ Lateral: ATF (Anterior Talofibular)
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ACL PCL LCL MCL
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Table of Contents 1. Head 2. Shoulder 3. Chest (sternum/ribs) 4. Spine 5. Elbow 6. Wrist 7. Fingers 8. Hip 9. Knee 10. Ankle 11. Foot/Toes
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Table of Contents 1. What are the anatomical names of each joint? 2. What bones are involved? 3. What type of joint? 4. What major ligaments are within the joint? 5. 3 common injuries involving the joint? ◦ What is the injury ◦ Common mechanism of injury (how does it happen) ◦ Signs/Symptoms ◦ Treatment
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Table of Contents Continue to work on muscular system modules to complete OR go over joints and their injuries?
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Table of Contents Hammer toe ◦ Permanent bend to MIP joint (Middle Interphalangeal) ◦ CAUSES… ◦ Too tight of shoes ◦ Arthritis ◦ Injury to tendon
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Table of Contents Swelling at the distal metatarsal of the great toe and the 5 th toe Caused by wearing shoes… ◦ Too tight ◦ Friction of the area
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Similar to bunion… bony enlargement at back of heel caused by BURSITIS (Inflammation of bursa)
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Interosseus membrane damage
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Table of Contents Meniscus: Padding to prevent friction of femur and tibia Caused by twisting of the knee
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Table of Contents ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament)
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Table of Contents Valgus: Lateral force MCL injury Varus: Medial force LCL injury
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Caused by overuse… ◦ Typing ◦ Texting
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Table of Contents MOI: Caught in a jersey
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Table of Contents Caused by overuse… Throwing (Baseball) Hitting (Volleyball) Swimming Working with arms overhead
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2 anchors (above and below) 2 stirrups (medial to lateral horse shoes 2 heel locks 2 figure 8 Closure
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Table of Contents The skull consists of the cranium and facial bones. Cranium ▫1 frontal ▫2 parietal ▫2 temporal ▫1 occipital ▫1 ethmoid ▫1 sphenoid Sutures.
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Table of Contents Facial bones ▫5 nasal ▫2 maxilla ▫2 lacrimal ▫2 zygomatic ▫2 palatine ▫1 mandible Sinuses
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Table of Contents Vertebrae Discs
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Table of Contents Thorax Ribs Sternum ▫Manubrium ▫Gladiolus ▫Xiphoid process
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Table of Contents Shoulder girdle ◦ 2 clavicles ◦ 2 scapulas.
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Table of Contents Arm bones: ▫Humerus ▫Ulna ▫Radius Hand bones: ▫8 carpals ▫5 metacarpals ▫14 phalanges
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Table of Contents Pelvic girdle is made of 2 hip bones, which connect at the symphysis pubis. Each hip bone is composed of 3 sections: ▫Illium ▫Ischium ▫Pubis
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Table of Contents Leg bones: ▫Femur ▫Patella ▫Tibia ▫Fibula Foot bones: ▫7 tarsals ▫5 metatarsals ▫14 phalanges
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