2. Jigsaw Group There will be three (3) readings involving African independence movements: Ghana, Kenya and Algeria You will be divided into six (6) groups: Two (2) groups for each reading Answer questions of your specific African independence movement with the worksheet provided After completion of your country’s reading, you will be assigned to a different group of three, consisting of students that have read the other African readings Students will then discuss your findings and answer the group questions on a separate worksheet

3. U.N. Security Council Meeting! The U.N. Security council is meeting to create a collective resolution to the African independence movements Task: You are a member of a working group, challenged to provide advice to the U.N. on how to respond to the independence movements (Remember: you are knowledgeable of other world events at this time period.) Create a step by step list of collective actions (Minimum 5) that the U.N. security council should take

4. U.N. Meeting After completion, you and your group are attending a meeting with the chair of the U.N. Security council The chairman (Me) wants to create a resolution based on all feedback from all the working groups Groups will collectively create and adopt resolution containing no less than five items For an item to be adopted 2/3rds of the groups must vote in favor of it

5. Honors World History II Maury High School African Independence Movements

6. Essential Understandings The charter of the United Nations guaranteed colonial populations the right to self-determination. Independence movements in Africa challenged European imperialism. DO NOT WRITE

7. Themes In African Independence Right to self-determination (U.N. charter) 1960 mandate Peaceful and violent revolutions after World War II West Africa: Peaceful Transition Kenya: Violence against British Algeria: Violence against France Battle against apartheid South Africa: Mandela DO NOT WRITE

8. Write now What feelings developed from the African people to the imperial exploitation?

9. West Africa: Independence Senegal Independence:1960 Gained peacefully from France Ghana (Gold Coast) Independence 1957 Gained peacefully from Britain

10. Kenya: Independence British colony: 1895-1963 Jomo Kenyatta President of the Kenyan African Union: (KAU) 1947 In Prison1953- 1960

11. Kenya: Mau Mau movement Armed movement against the British Started in 1952 Targeted British settlers and colonial leaders The Mau Mau movement created change 1957: British allowed first elections of native leaders in Kenya Legislative Council 1960: Africans were a majority in the Kenyan council.

12. Kenya and Kenyatta Kenyatta becomes Prime Minister:1963 (KAU) majority of the parliament Independence in 1964 Kenyatta becomes first elected president in 1964

13. Write Now What was Jomo Kenyatta’s leadership role in Kenya?

14. Algeria: Independence Fought for independence against France (1954-1962) France grants independence after much violence

15. New Rules Students who are left handed will be allowed an extra class day to turn in their homework to use their notebook during testing day Students who are right handed Will have to stand in a separate corner in class ALL work must be completed and turned in during class Will not be allowed to raise their hand or talk during class or in the halls How do you feel about these rules? How would these rules affect the classroom environment? How could you persuade administration to change these rules?

16. South Africa: Apartheid South Africa: Minority of pop.=Whites Apartheid: (1948-1994) Word, from Afrikaans, “apartness” Laws restricted blacks, favored whites

17. Nelson Mandela Protests against Apartheid: (1950-1962) Leader of ANC (Africa National Congress) Imprisoned for 20 years 1990 – years of uprisings leads to negotiations and multi-racial elections. 1994 – Nelson Mandela becomes first black president of S.A

18. Write Now What was Nelson Mandela’s leadership role in South Africa?

19. Superpower involvement in Africa

20. Write Now Why did independence movements in Africa gain success after World War II?