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Physiological Responses to Injury … continued
BTEC – Level 3
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Learning Objectives … Understand the classification of injuries and the different stages … Be able to identify the differences between Sprains and Strains … Categorise the severity of Sprains & Strains …
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Classification of Injuries
Injury Classification … 1) Acute Stage (0 to 72 Hours after Injury) 2) Sub-acute Stage (72 Hours to 21 days after Injury) 3) Chronic Continuum (21 days after Injury) Severity will dictate stages 2 and 3 of the above model (Less Severe will reach 21 before day 21; More Severe may take longer than 21 days)
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Injuries … Soft or Hard tissue?
Soft Tissue; Muscles, Tendons, Ligaments & Skin … Hard Tissue; Skeleton, Joints, Bones & Skeleton ...
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Ligaments and Tendons Soft Tissue … damaged during sports
1) Ligaments connect bone to bone … 2) Tendons connect muscle to bone …
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‘A twist, pull/and or tear to a muscle or tendon’
Strains … ‘A twist, pull/and or tear to a muscle or tendon’ How is a strain caused? Overuse Force Over S – T – R – E – T – C – H – I – N – G
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Muscle Strains – Classification Signs & Symptoms
First Degree Strains Second Degree Strains Third Degree Strains Few Muscle Fibres are Torn Moderate Tearing of Muscle Fibres Total Rupture of the Muscle Mild Pain Moderate/Severe Pain Severe Pain Some Muscle Stiffness Swelling & Stiffness Severe Swelling
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Hamstring strain … Usain bolt
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‘A stretch and/or tear to a ligament …’
Sprains … ‘A stretch and/or tear to a ligament …’ Caused by … ? A trauma that knocks a joint out of position… … and consequently over stretches/ruptures the supporting ligaments … Where do sprains occur? Ankles, Knees & wrists
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Ligament Sprains … First Degree Sprains; Pain Mild Damage Minimal
Some ... Swelling
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Ligament Sprains … Second Degree Sprains Third degree Sprains
More Ligament damage Complete tearing of the ligament Joint appears loose Joint is very loose & unstable Painful with further swelling Extremely painful & very swollen.
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