1. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Hewitt/Lyons/Suchocki/Yeh Conceptual Integrated Science Chapter 11 INVESTIGATING MATTER

2. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley This lecture will help you understand: The Nature of Chemistry The Submicroscopic World Phases of Matter Change of Phase Physical and Chemical Properties Elements The Periodic Table Chemical Compounds Naming Compounds

3. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Nature of Chemistry Chemistry is... the study of matter and the transformations it can undergo.

4. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Nature of Chemistry

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6. The Nature of Chemistry Chemistry is... the study of matter and the transformations it can undergo.

7. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Nature of Chemistry Chemistry is... the study of matter and the transformations it can undergo. the “central” science.

8. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Chemistry PhysicsBiology AstronomyEarth Science

9. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Nature of Chemistry Chemistry is... the study of matter and the transformations it can undergo. the “central” science. a “materials” science.

10. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Nature of Chemistry Chemistry is... the study of matter and the transformations it can undergo. the “central” science. a “materials” science. Most of the material items in any modern house are shaped by some human-devised chemical process.

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12. [full screen Fig 11.2 - no caption]

13. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley More than 70 percent of all legislation placed before the Congress of the United States addresses science-related questions and issues. The Nature of Chemistry

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15. A single grain of sand contains about 125 million trillion atoms. The Submicroscopic World

16. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley A single grain of sand contains about 125 million trillion atoms. The Submicroscopic World How much is 125 million trillion??

17. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Submicroscopic World Roughly 250,000 dunes of this size contain about 125 million trillion grains of sand.

18. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Submicroscopic World Roughly 250,000 dunes of this size contain about 125 million trillion grains of sand. Yet, that’s how many atoms there are in a single grain of sand. (Atoms are small.)

19. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Submicroscopic World The Submicroscopic World A situation to ponder … Are atoms made of molecules or are molecules made of atoms??

20. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Submicroscopic World

21. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Physical and Chemical Properties A physical property describes the look or feel of a substance.

22. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Physical and Chemical Properties A physical property describes the look or feel of a substance. A chemical property describes the tendency of a substance to transform into a new substance.

23. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Physical and Chemical Properties It is a chemical property of iron to transform into rust.

24. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Physical and Chemical Properties Physical change: a change in the physical properties of a substance.

25. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Physical and Chemical Properties Physical change: a change in the physical properties of a substance. Chemical change: the transformation of one or more substances into others.

26. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Physical and Chemical Properties Physical change: a change in the physical properties of a substance. Chemical change: the transformation of one or more substances into others. A substance is identified not only by the kinds of atoms it contains but also by how those atoms are connected to one another.

27. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Physical and Chemical Properties Physical change: a change in the physical properties of a substance. Chemical change: the transformation of one or more substances into others. A substance is identified not only by the kinds of atoms it contains but also by how those atoms are connected to one another. During a chemical change, a new substance is formed as atoms rearrange themselves into new configurations.

28. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Physical and Chemical Properties Physical change: a change in the physical properties of a substance. Chemical change: the transformation of one or more substances into others.

29. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The transformation of oxygen, O 2, into ozone, O 3, is an example of A.a physical change. B.a chemical change. C.both a physical and chemical change. D.neither a physical nor chemical change. Physical and Chemical Changes CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR O=O O O O O O O oxygenozone

30. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The transformation of oxygen, O 2, into ozone, O 3, is an example of A.a physical change. B.a chemical change. C.both a physical and chemical change. D.neither a physical nor chemical change. Physical and Chemical Changes CHECK YOUR ANSWER O=O O O O O O O oxygenozone Explanation: The same kinds of atoms are involved but how they are arranged is completely different. Thus, a new substance has been formed.

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32. Elements Element: A material made of only one kind of atom. Pure gold is an example as it is made of only gold atoms.

33. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Elements Element: A material made of only one kind of atom. Pure gold is an example as it is made of only gold atoms. Atom: The fundamental unit of an element.

34. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Elements Element: A material made of only one kind of atom. Pure gold is an example as it is made of only gold atoms. Atom: The fundamental unit of an element. The term “element” is used when referring to macroscopic quantities. The term “atom” is used when discussing the submicroscopic.

35. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Compounds Compound: A material made of more than one kind of atom chemically bound together. Molecule : The fundamental unit of a compound. The term “compound” is used when referring to macroscopic quantities. The term “molecule” is used when discussing the submicroscopic.

36. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Mixtures Mixture: Made of more than one kind of pure substance together. Mixtures can be made from matter in any combination of phases..

37. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a listing of all the known elements.

38. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a listing of all the known elements. It is NOT something to be memorized.

39. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a listing of all the known elements. It is NOT something to be memorized. Instead, we learn how to READ the Periodic Table.

40. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Periodic Table The Periodic Table is a listing of all the known elements. It is NOT something to be memorized. Instead, we learn how to READ the Periodic Table. A chemist uses the Periodic Table much like a writer uses a dictionary. NEITHER needs be memorized!

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42. The Periodic Table The elements are highly organized within the Periodic Table.

43. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Periodic Table The elements are highly organized within the Periodic Table. Each vertical column is called a “group.”

44. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Periodic Table The elements are highly organized within the Periodic Table. Each vertical column is called a “group.” Each horizontal row is called a “period.”

45. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Periodic Table

46. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Periodic Table

47. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Periodic Table

48. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Periodic Table

49. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Periodic Table CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR LiF Which is larger: a lithium atom or a fluorine atom? A. A lithium atom B. A fluorine atom C. There is no way to tell without memorizing the periodic table.

50. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Periodic Table CHECK YOUR ANSWER LiF Which is larger: a lithium atom or a fluorine atom? A. A lithium atom B. A fluorine atom C. There is no way to tell without memorizing the periodic table.

51. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Periodic Table CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR As S Which is larger: an arsenic atom or a sulfur atom? A. An arsenic atom B. A sulfur atom C. There is no way to tell without memorizing the periodic table.

52. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley The Periodic Table CHECK YOUR ANSWER As S Which is larger: an arsenic atom or a sulfur atom? A. An arsenic atom B. A sulfur atom C. There is no way to tell without memorizing the periodic table.

53. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Chemical Compounds Compound: A substance consisting of atoms of different elements.

54. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Chemical Compounds Compound: A substance consisting of atoms of different elements. Compounds have properties uniquely different from the elements from which they are made.

55. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Chemical Compounds Compound: A substance consisting of atoms of different elements. Compounds have properties uniquely different from the elements from which they are made.

56. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Chemical Compounds Compound: A substance consisting of atoms of different elements. Compounds have properties uniquely different from the elements from which they are made. Chemical formula: Used to show the proportion by which elements combine to form a compound.

57. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Chemical Compounds Chemical formula: Used to show the proportion by which elements combine to form a compound. CompoundFormula Sodium chloride NaCl Ammonia NH 3 Water H2OH2O

58. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Elements Elemental formula: Used to show the proportion by which atoms combine to form an element. CompoundFormula Oxygen O2O2 Ozone O3O3 Sulfur S8S8 Gold Au

59. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Naming Compounds Guideline 1 —Start with the element farthest to the left in the periodic table.

60. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Guideline 1 —Start with the element farthest to the left in the periodic table. —For the element to the right, add the suffix -ide. Naming Compounds

61. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Guideline 1 —Start with the element farthest to the left in the periodic table. —For the element to the right, add the suffix -ide. Example: NaCl Naming Compounds

62. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley NaCl Sodium Example: NaCl Chlorine Naming Compounds

63. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley NaCl Sodium Example: NaCl chloride Naming Compounds

64. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley NaCl Sodium Example: NaCl chloride Naming Compounds

65. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Naming Compounds Guideline 1 —Start with the element farthest to the left in the periodic table. —For the element to the right, add the suffix -ide. Guideline 2 —With different possible combinations of elements, use prefixes to remove ambiguity.

66. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley mono- di- tri- tetra- 2 3 4 1 Naming Compounds

67. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley CO 2 Examples: Naming Compounds

68. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley CO 2 carbon monoxide carbon dioxide Examples: Naming Compounds

69. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Examples: H O 2 dihydrogen monoxide dihydrogen dioxide 2 2 Naming Compounds

70. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Examples: H O 2 dihydrogen monoxide dihydrogen dioxide 2 2 Would you drink this?? Naming Compounds

71. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Examples: H O 2 “Water” “Hydrogen peroxide” 2 2 Naming Compounds

72. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Naming Compounds Guideline 1 —Start with the element farthest to the left in the periodic table. —For the element to the right, add the suffix -ide. Guideline 2 —With different possible combinations of elements, use prefixes to remove ambiguity. Guideline 3 —Common names are sometimes used for convenience.

73. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Naming Compounds CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR A. Chrobrofor B. SeeBer4 C. Carbon bromide D. Carbon tetrabromide. What is the name of the compound with the formula CBr 4 ?

74. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison Wesley Naming Compounds CHECK YOUR ANSWER A. Chrobrofor B. SeeBer4 C. Carbon bromide D. Carbon tetrabromide. What is the name of the compound with the formula CBr 4 ?