3. Chapter Menu Matter—Properties and Change Section 3.1Section 3.1Properties of Matter Section 3.2Section 3.2 Changes in Matter Section 3.3Section 3.3 Mixtures of Matter Section 3.4Section 3.4 Elements and Compounds Exit Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view the corresponding slides.

4. Section 3-3 Section 3.3 Mixtures of Matter Contrast mixtures and substances. substance: a form of matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition; also known as a pure substance Classify mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous. List and describe several techniques used to separate mixtures.

5. Section 3-3 Section 3.3 Mixtures of Matter (cont.) Most everyday matter occurs as mixtures—combinations of two or more substances. mixture heterogeneous mixture homogeneous mixture solution filtration distillation crystallization sublimation chromatography

6. Section 3-3 Mixtures A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties.mixture A homogenous mixture is a mixture where the composition is constant throughout.homogenous mixture Homogeneous mixtures are also called solutions. solutions

7. Section 3-3 Mixtures (cont.)

8. Section 3-3 Mixtures (cont.) Kool-Aid: Water, sugar, flavor, color 14 K Gold14 parts gold, 10 parts other metals 14 K Gold: 14 parts gold, 10 parts other metals HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES

9. Section 3-3 Mixtures (cont.) A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where the individual substances remain distinct.heterogeneous mixture

10. Section 3-3 Separating Mixtures Filtration is a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture.Filtration

11. Section 3-3 Distillation is a separation technique for homogeneous mixtures that is based on the differences in boiling points of substances..Distillation

12. Section 3-3 Separating Mixtures Crystallization is a separation technique for homogenous mixtures that results in the formation of pure solid particles from a solution containing the dissolved substance.Crystallization

13. Section 3-3 Separating Mixtures (cont.) Chromatography is a technique that separates the components of a mixture on the basis of tendency of each to travel across the surface of another material.Chromatography

14. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3-3 Section 3.3 Assessment Which is NOT a technique for separating a homogenous mixture? A.crystallization B.distillation C.filtration D.chromatography

15. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3-3 Section 3.3 Assessment Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture? A.seawater B.silver mercury amalgam C.atmosphere D.salad dressing

16. End of Section 3-3

17. Section 3-4 Section 3.4 Elements and Compounds Distinguish between elements and compounds. proportion: the relation of one part to another or to the whole with respect to quantity Describe the organization of elements in the periodic table. Explain how all compounds obey the laws of definite and multiple proportions.

18. Section 3-4 Section 3.4 Elements and Compounds (cont.) A compound is a combination of two or more elements. element periodic table compound law of definite proportions percent by mass law of multiple proportions

19. Section 3-4 Elements An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.element 92 elements occur naturally on Earth. Each element has a unique name and symbol. The periodic table organizes the elements into a grid of horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns called groups.periodic table

20. B. Elements and Compounds Elements contain only one type of atom – elemental gold contains only gold atoms and elemental hydrogen contains only hydrogen atoms.

21. Section 3-4 Compounds A compound is a made up of two or more elements combined chemically.compound Most of the matter on Earth exists as compounds. Table salt, NaCl, and water, H 2 O, are compounds. Compounds can be broken into components by chemical means.

23. Section 3-4 Compounds (cont.) This figure shows electrolysis of water to form hydrogen and oxygen. This is a chemical change that creates new substances.

24. Section 3-4

25. SorF 3.5

26. SorF 3.6

27. Does the sample in each box represent an element or a compound? A.B.elementcompound Is the substance made of atoms or molecules? atomsmolecules

28. Does the sample in each box represent an element or a compound? A.B. compoundelement Is the substance made of atoms or molecules? molecules

29. Does the sample in each box represent an element or a compound? A.B. element Is the substance made of atoms or molecules? atomsmolecules

30. Section 3-4 Law of Definite Proportions The law of definite proportions states that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass, no matter how large or small the sample.law of definite proportions

31. Section 3-4 Law of Definite Proportions (cont.) The relative amounts are expressed as percent by mass, the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound expressed as a percentage. percent by mass

32. Section 3-4 Law of Definite Proportions (cont.) Amounts differ.Percentages are the same.

33. A sample of water is electrolyzed and the products are 2.00 g of hydrogen and 16.00 g of oxygen. What is the percent by mass of oxygen in water? 16.00 g oxygen 18.00 g total 88.89% oxygenX 100 =

34. Calcium carbonate has a percent composition of 48.0% oxygen, 40.0% calcium, and 12.0% carbon. If you did an analysis of a 2.00g sample that you thought was calcium carbonate, what mass of each element would you expect to find? 0.960 g oxygen 0.800 g calcium 0.240 g carbon

35. Section 3-4 Law of Multiple Proportions The law of multiple proportions states that when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element in whole number ratios.law of multiple proportions –H 2 O 2 and H 2 O –CuCl and CuCl 2

36. Section 3-4 Law of Multiple Proportions (cont.)

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39. SorF 3.9

40. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3-4 Section 3.4 Assessment What is a period on the periodic table of the elements? A.a vertical columns B.even numbered elements only C.horizontal rows D.the last vertical column only

41. A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3-4 Section 3.4 Assessment An element is a substance that cannot be A.divided into simpler substances. B.combined to form a mixture. C.combined to form an element. D.different phases.

42. End of Section 3-4

43. Resources Menu Chemistry Online Study Guide Chapter Assessment Standardized Test Practice Image Bank Concepts in Motion

44. Study Guide 1 Section 3.1 Properties of Matter Key Concepts The three common states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Physical properties can be observed without altering a substance’s composition. Chemical properties describe a substance’s ability to combine with or change into one or more new substances. External conditions can affect both physical and chemical properties.

45. Study Guide 2 Section 3.2 Changes in Matter Key Concepts A physical change alters the physical properties of a substance without changing its composition. A chemical change, also known as a chemical reaction, involves a change in a substance’s composition. In a chemical reaction, reactants form products. The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction; it is conserved. mass reactants = mass products

46. Study Guide 3 Section 3.3 Mixtures of Matter Key Concepts A mixture is a physical blend of two or more pure substances in any proportion. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures. Mixtures can be separated by physical means. Common separation techniques include filtration, distillation, crystallization, sublimation, and chromatography.

47. Study Guide 4 Section 3.4 Elements and Compounds Key Concepts Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Elements are organized in the periodic table of the elements. Compounds are chemical combinations of two or more elements and their properties differ from the properties of their component elements.

48. Study Guide 4 Section 3.4 Elements and Compounds (cont.) Key Concepts The law of definite proportions states that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportions. The law of multiple proportions states that if elements form more than one compound, those compounds will have compositions that are whole-number multiples of each other.

49. A.A B.B C.C D.D Chapter Assessment 1 Which of the following is NOT a physical property of water? A.Ice melts at 0°C. B.Water boils at 100. C.Water reacts violently with pure sodium. D.Water is a liquid at room temperature.

50. A.A B.B C.C D.D Chapter Assessment 2 28.0 grams of nitrogen gas reacts completely with 6.0 grams of hydrogen to form 34.0 grams of ammonia. What does this demonstrate? A.the law of conservation of energy B.sublimation C.distillation D.the law of conservation of mass

51. A.A B.B C.C D.D Chapter Assessment 3 What is the best way to separate salt dissolved in water? A.sublimation B.crystallization C.freezing D.filtration

52. A.A B.B C.C D.D Chapter Assessment 4 Two or more elements chemically joined form what? A.substance B.heterogeneous mixture C.homogenous solution D.compound

53. A.A B.B C.C D.D Chapter Assessment 5 What is the ratio of oxygen to carbon in carbon dioxide (CO 2 )? A.2:1 B.1:2 C.1:1 D.1:3

54. A.A B.B C.C D.D STP 1 Which is NOT a chemical reaction? A.a car rusting B.dissolving sugar in water C.wood burning D.a banana ripening

55. A.A B.B C.C D.D STP 2 Which describes a substance that is in the liquid state? A.It has a definite shape. B.It has no definite volume. C.It can be compressed into a smaller volume. D.It has a definite volume.

56. A.A B.B C.C D.D STP 3 Elements in the same period are likely to have similar ____. A.physical properties B.densities C.chemical properties D.melting points

57. A.A B.B C.C D.D STP 4 Filtration is an easy way to separate what? A.heterogeneous mixture B.homogeneous mixture C.compounds D.solutions

58. A.A B.B C.C D.D STP 5 Compounds can be broken into their component elements by which of the following? A.crystallization B.distillation C.filtration D.chemical reaction

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68. CIM Figure 3.4 Three Common States of Matter Figure 3.10 Conservation of Mass Table 3.3 Types of Solution Systems

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