2. Feudal Society

3. ORIGINS Charlemagne’s Kingdom Breaks Up Charlemagne’s Kingdom Breaks Up Weak Kings Weak Kings Territory Vulnerable Territory Vulnerable * Feudalism:. * Feudalism: a social system that existed during the Middle Ages in which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return.

4. You need a Hero! Common folk banded together in clans Common folk banded together in clans Families and familiar groups Families and familiar groups You need the talents of an experienced warrior You need the talents of an experienced warrior

5. What is in it for Him? What are you good at? What are you good at? Farming What do you own? Land What do you value? Life Let’s Make a Deal!

6. The Deal Land and percentage of produce Land and percentage of produce Protection for ever Protection for ever You get to live there and live your life You get to live there and live your life He gets to be rich and rule He gets to be rich and rule

7. The Medieval Catholic Church  filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world.  monasticism:  St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience.  provided schools for the children of the upper class.  inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.  monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

8. The Power of the Medieval Church  Pope Gregory I played a large part in the political system.  the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.  tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40 days a year for combat.  tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.  Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

9. A few feudal terms: A few feudal terms: * Fealty: oath taken showing loyalty/allegiance to the lord. * Fief: piece of land/estate granted to the vassal by the lord. * Manorialism: economic aspect of feudalism, entirely self-sufficient. * Serf: peasants bound to the land (85-90 % of population).

10. CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS Overall purpose was PROTECTIONOverall purpose was PROTECTION FEALTY (service, loyalty) i.e. 40 daysFEALTY (service, loyalty) i.e. 40 days Self-sufficient MANOR (little trade)Self-sufficient MANOR (little trade) DECENTRALIZED POWERDECENTRALIZED POWER 1. No taxation 2. No universal laws or justice 3. “Promise” prevents betrayal

11. COMPLEX and UNSTABLE (The ideal was never realized) Inheritance Inheritance Marriage Marriage War War Dual Loyalties Dual Loyalties Expensive (Castle) Expensive (Castle)

12. * Feudalism: system of government in which local lords (vassals) governed their own lands, but owed military service and other support to a greater lord/king.

13. Characteristics: Characteristics: * Overall purpose was protection * Based on service, loyalty (i.e. 40 days military service) * Self-sufficient community (little to no trade)

14. A few feudal terms: A few feudal terms:LORDVASSALSERFINVESTITUREHOMAGEFIEF

23. The Medieval Manor

24. LIFE ON THE MANOR 3 Field System 3 Field System Demesne Demesne Self Sufficient Self Sufficient

25. Life on the Medieval Manor Serfs at work

26. Castles

27. Parts of a Castle

28. The Keep

30. * Motte * Motte-and-Bailey Castle (Courtyard)

31. * Moat * Wet - wastes and other nasty stuff * Dry were very common as well

32. * Drawbridge

33. * Portcullis

34. * Embrasures

35. * Machicolations (murder holes)

36. * Keep (most secure fortress)

37. * Siege Warfare

38. Knights

39. Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

40. What is Chivalry? A code of honor

41. * Chivalry: a knight’s code of conduct (bravery, loyalty, honesty, courtesy, etc.). * Examples: - don’t stab somebody in the back - don’t ambush your opponent - don’t ambush your opponent - don’t attack an unarmed opponent - don’t attack an unarmed opponent

42. MYTH or REALITY? Speak the Truth Speak the Truth Defend the Church Defend the Church Protect the Poor Protect the Poor Make Peace Make Peace Pursue Infidels Pursue Infidels Show Loyalty Show Loyalty Guardian for Women Guardian for Women Be Courteous Be Courteous Treat Prisoners as Guests Treat Prisoners as Guests Betray other Knights Betray other Knights Rob the Church Rob the Church Slaughter Peasants Slaughter Peasants Highway Robbery Highway Robbery Drink to Obscenity Drink to Obscenity Commit Adultery Commit Adultery Beat your wife Beat your wife Brawl with Knights Brawl with Knights Mistreat Prisoners Mistreat Prisoners MYTH REALITY MYTH REALITY

43. The Road to Knighthood KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE

44. Training Page: * sent for training (age 7-14, lord’s castle) * horseback * swordplay * armor * physical stamina * chivalry

45. Squire: around age 14 * more disciplined training (harsh consequences) * mock combat * personal servant to a knight (mentor)

46. Knight: around age 18-21 * “dubbing” (ceremony) “I make thee knight!” * lord’s servant * tournaments

47. HERALDRY  identification of a knight (“coat of arms”).  necessary b/c of armor, helmet, etc.  shown on banner, shield, helmet, surcoat, etc.

48. THE TOURNAMENT THE TOURNAMENT * Melee: combat in groups (dangerous/fatal?) * Joust: individual combat - During times of peace, they would joust to “stay sharp”

49. ARMOR Chainmail: tens of thousands of interlocking rings for shirt, coif, and leggings (early Mid. Ages 11 th c.)

50. DEVELOPMENT OF ARMOR (12 th – 13 th c.) CROSSBOW BOLT

51. * Plate Armor: metal plates covering the body, up to 30 pieces! (late Mid. Ages 14 th c)

52. The End