1. Chapter 13 European Middle Ages

2. Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms

3. Middle Ages – the era of European history that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500 to 1500 Invasions of Western Europe Disrution of Trade Downfall of Cities Population Shifts The Decline of Learning Germanic invaders were illiterate and had no written language Loss of a Common Language German-speaking peoples mixed with the Romans

4. Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms Germanic Kingdoms Emerge The Concept of Government Changes Commitment to personal ties made it impossible to establish orderly government for large territories Clovis Rules the Franks Gual – France and Switzerland Franks – a Germanic people who established a great empire during the Middle Ages Clovis – brought Christianity to the area United all the Franks into one kingdom in 511

5. Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms Germans Adopt Christianity Monasteries, Convents, and Manuscripts Monasteries – religious communities Papal Power Expands Under Gregory I Secular – worldly Leader politically and socially from Italy to England and Spain to Germany - Christendom

6. Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms An Empire Evolves Charles Martel Emerges Defeated the Muslim raiders from Spain in 732 Carolingian Dynasty – a dynasty of Frankish rulers from 751-987

7. Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms Charlemagne Becomes Emperor Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule Conquered new lands each summer of his reign Charlemagne Leads a Revival Limited power of the nobles Encouraged learning Opened a palace school and monastery schools Charlemagne’s Heirs Three sons fought among themselves and created three kingdoms

8. Feudalism in Europe Invaders Attack Western Europe The Vikings Invade from the North Scandinavia – Denmark, Norway, and Sweden Magyars and Muslims Attack from the East and South Invasions caused panic and local rulers gained power

9. Feudalism in Europe A New Social Order: Feudalism Rollo and Charles the Simple – creation of Normandy Feudalism Structures Society Lord - landowner Fief – land which was granted Vassal – person receiving the land (fief) The Feudal Pyramid Knights – horsemen who pledged to defend their lords’ lands in exchange for fiefs Social Classes Are Well Defined Serfs – people who could not lawfully leave the land where they were born

10. Feudalism in Europe Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism Manor – the lord’s estate A Self-Contained World The Harshness of Manor Life Tithe

11. The Age of Chivalry Knights: Warriors on Horseback The Technology of Warfare Changes Leather saddles and stirrups The Warrior’s Role in Feudal Society Knights were given land in exchange for service in private armies

12. The Age of Chivalry Knighthood and the Code of Chivalry Chivalry – code of behavior for knights in medieval Europe, stressing ideals such as courage, loyalty, and devotion A Knight’s Training Tournaments – a mock battle between groups of knights Brutal Reality of Warfare

13. The Age of Chivalry The Literature of Chivalry Epic Poetry Love Poems and Songs Troubadours – traveling poet- musicians at the castles and courts

14. The Age of Chivalry Women’s Role in Feudal Society Noblewomen Could inherit an estate from her husband Peasant Women Performed endless labor around the home and often in the fields