1. (c) Dr. Charlotte Holland 2009- 2010 ES105 ICT-enabled ESD Learning Experiences and Pedagogic approaches BSc in Education and Training ET1

2. (c) Dr. Charlotte Holland 2009- 2010 Learning Experience  Write down one learning experience that you had! (50 words or less)  Now share your story with the person sitting either side of you.  For each person, try to answer these questions: What was the ‘learning’? How did you learn it? Why do you remember this particular learning experience?

3. (c) Dr. Charlotte Holland 2009- 2010 How do you teach?  Before you can think about teaching, you must have some understanding about what learning is!  So, What is Learning?...  There are many Models of Learning and/ or Learning Cycles and Individual Learning styles or preferences – Psychology lecturer will cover these.

4. (c) Dr. Charlotte Holland 2009- 2010 Let’s consider one… Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory

5. (c) Dr. Charlotte Holland 2009- 2010 Definition  Learning is a process of creating knowledge.  Experiential learning is a philosophy of learning based on a theory of experience Definition  Experiential learning is defined as “the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. Knowledge results from the combination of grasping and transforming experience” ( Kolb, 1984).  Experiential learning is a process of constructing knowledge through experiencing, reflecting, thinking and acting over what is being learned

6. (c) Dr. Charlotte Holland 2009- 2010 Kolb’s Learning Cycle  Kolb(1984) presents the learning process as an idealized learning cycle where the learner creates knowledge through experience by touching on all the bases of learning: Concrete experience (CE) -experiencing, doing Reflective observation (RO)- reflecting, reviewing Abstract Conceptualisation (AC) – thinking judging, concluding and Active experimentation (AE)- Planning, reapplying, acting in a recurrent process that is responsive to the learning situation and what is being learned.

7. (c) Dr. Charlotte Holland 2009- 2010 … Kolb’s (1984) Learning Cycle Kolb’s (1984) Learning Cycle  Concrete Experience  Reflective Observation  Abstract Conceptualisation  Active Experimentation

8. (c) Dr. Charlotte Holland 2009- 2010 Sample: Bird’s Nest Make a Bird’s Nest (Concrete Experience) Viewed each others nests and compared our nests with the real bird’s nest. (Reflective Observation) Discussed own experiences of how birds interacted in and contributed to nature (reasoning and reflecting) Concluded that birds should be respected for their skills in nest building (Abstract Conceptualisation) Devised a plan of action to protect birds nests in the area – ‘Active Experimentation’

9. (c) Dr. Charlotte Holland 2009- 2010 Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory. Reflective Observation (RO) Reflecting on outcomes Reviewing work done Observing the process Reflecting on self and others work Discussion 2 Abstract Conceptualisation (AC) Making Sense of the experience Concluding/Judgement. Link to the theory and what you did and What would be done next 3 Active Experimentation (AE) Planning What to do next Goals Setting Identifying criteria for success Reapplying learned knowledge in a new context 4 Concrete Experience (CE) Implementation Participation doing 1

10. (c) Dr. Charlotte Holland 2009- 2010 ACTIVITY: Applying Kolb’s Experiential Learning Model in Waste Paper Basket Making Watch the video below on waste paper basket weaving Waste Paper Basket Weaving.Waste Paper Basket Weaving Step 1: Weave a waste paper basket (3minutes). Step 2: Examine your basket and compare it with those of the other students. A) Discuss the techniques used B) What is the quality of the finished product? C) What challenges did you face in the production process. Step 3: Write down what you have learned from this process– Include your learning from the process of weaving, as well as the process of reflecting on weaving. Step 4: What do you plan to do in case you have to weave another basket in future? A) What would you do differently if you were to reapply the knowledge learned to weave another basket? B) Weave a second waste paper basket of a different type Conclusion. What have you gained in this experience? Discuss

11. (c) Dr. Charlotte Holland 2009- 2010 Tools needed and weaving procedure Tools needed A stapler, cellotape, some old newspapers, a pair of scissors. The Weaving Procedure.  Follow the procedure on the video.  Fold 8 peaces of newspapers vertically to produce the weaving ‘sticks’.  Follow the instructions on the video to make the base.  Once the basket frame is fitted, weave around the frame from bottom to top alternating the weaving rope between the frame sticks one on top and one below  Fold the tips of the basket frame inwards and clip to form a perfect finish.

12. (c) Dr. Charlotte Holland 2009- 2010 References  Kolb, D. A.(1984) Experiential Learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs N.J: Prentice Hall.  Kolb, A. Y and Kolb D. A(2005) Learning Styles and Learning Spaces: Enhancing Experiential Learning in Higher Education Academy of Management Learning and Education 4(2):193-212.

13. (c) Dr. Charlotte Holland 2009- 2010 Learning cycle?  In groups of three, Re-draw this learning cycle to fit the experiences you have discussed with each other (Try to use your own words and arrows to explain process).  Class examination and discussion on this…

14. (c) Dr. Charlotte Holland 2009- 2010 How do you teach?  What does this examination tell us about learning?  What are the key ‘ingredients’ for learning?  What are the outputs of learning?  How do we enable learning – how do we teach?

15. (c) Dr. Charlotte Holland 2009- 2010 Teaching?  Move away from concept of Teacher as ‘Sage-on-Stage’ Teacher ‘font’ of all knowledge Teacher-centred Passive Learning Dominated by text-books  Move towards concept of Teacher as ‘Guide-on-Side’ Teacher facilitates learning Acts as a guide and support Learner-centred Designs Interactive learning experiences Encourages discussion and opportunities for group and self-directed learning Discovery Learning/ Problem-based learning

16. (c) Dr. Charlotte Holland 2009- 2010 Learning Activities  Many different kinds… Re-telling – learners re-present the information in a poster, presentation or a report Compiling – a cook book Mystery – solving a murder Journalistic – act like reporters, gathering facts and re- writing as newspaper articles or feature article Design – design an eco-house Creative product – write a poem, story, a rap-song, painting Consensus Building – reach agreement in group on point of view on world event Persuasion – build a convincing case for/ against a case Self-knowledge – Reflect on own thoughts or opinions Judgement – Evaluate a case and make a judgement on it