1. The student will be able to identify the major architectural styles and their defining features. Student will describe cultural events that influenced architectural styles and be able to site classic examples of each style from the teaching materials with 90% accuracy of the teaching rubric

2. Identify the major architectural styles, listing the defining features of each style Recount historical events that influenced a change in architectural styles Be able to list methods/styles of building to estimate its age Identify societal values that are reflected in a local area Identify architectural styles in their neighborhood

3. Interior Design 1 Instructor: Katherine Garrett

4.  Half-timbered houses  Wood frame of the house formed part of outside wall  Spaces between beams filled in with brick or plaster  Thatch roofs (bundles of reeds or straw)  Huge chimney served one or more fireplaces  Windows small: reduced heat loss and glass was expensive

5.  Simple rectangular design  Central chimney  Pitched roof (gabled roof)  Ell-extension built at right angles to the length of structure added as families grew  Little usable space on second floor  Dormer windows added  Allowed for interior space for full-sized rooms

6. a. began as a two-story pitched roof house b. need for extra space— added additional set of rooms along the back c. roof line down to cover the addition d. long slope similar to sloping cover on the wooden saltboxes used in colonial kitchens

7.  Second story that overhangs the first story  First used on forts or garrisons to prevent attackers from scaling the walls

8.  Named for the kings of England (George I, II, and III)  Brick and stone  If not available, wood used  Carved and painted to look like stone (Mount Vernon)

9.  Formal, balanced design, 2-3 stories high  Gable roof (pitched with 2 sloped sides  Hip roof (4 sloped sides)  Large windows symmetrically placed  Many small panes

10.  Doorway details  Front door focal point of house  Framed by pilasters (flattened columns)  Topped by pediment (a triangular or arched decoration)  Distinctive cornice  A decorative strip at the area where the roof and walls meet  Georgian houses: cornice of tooth like molding

11.  Central chimney or chimney at each end  Contrasting materials  Red brick  White wood trim  Inside: molded plaster ceilings  Wood paneling or wallpaper  Ornate rectangular fireplace topped by a mantel  Later Georgian: central sections with wing on each side ( Mount Vernon)

12.  Row Houses  Continuous line of two or three-story houses that share a common wall  First appeared in Boston and Philadelphia during 18 th century

13.  American Revolution brought to end old political/social patterns  Traders/merchants became the leaders  Sense of renewed patriotism  Turned away from anything English

14.  Adam  Combined Georgian features and elements from Classical Greece and Rome  1780-1820  Rectangular design/1 or more stories  Gable roof with decorative cornice  Symmetrically placed windows with small panes  Fanlights: semicircular, round or oval window with fan- shaped panes of glass above the door or pediment  Decorative interiors  Plaster and wood carvings in classical design

15. Five on five façade Fanlight Side windows

16.  Early Classical Revival  1770-1830  Monticello (example)  Rectangular shape  Windows symmetrically placed  Fanlight  Portico (tall open porch supported by columns)  Topped by a triangular pediment  Sometimes porch is built up on foundation and extends to the roof of the house

17.  Results of Industrial Revolution changed America  New demands = greater waves of immigrants  Prices for homes dropped  More affordable

18.  Greek Revival Style  1825-1860  Features linked to temples of ancient Greece  Two-story porch supported by columns across the entire front of the house  Pilasters on the corners of frame houses or across the front  Elaborate entrance  Door surrounded by small windows  Columns supporting small or large porch  Ionic  Doric  Corinthian

19.  Columns Doric Ionic Corinthian

20.  Gothic Revival Style  1840-1880  Pointed arches and circular windows  Built of wood  High-peaked gables  Gingerbread (lacy-looking cut-out wood trim)  Italianate Style  1840-1885  Squared and 2 stories high  Wide overhanging hip roofs  Decorative brackets  Long, narrow windows  Cupola: small, square “knob” that tops house

21.  Queen Victoria of England  1860-1900  Very elaborate

22.  Second Empire Style  French influence  1860-1880  Boxlike mansard roof  Two slopes on all sides  Upper slope being almost flat  Decorated cornices and French windows  Long windows/open lengthwise at middle  Dormer windows project from lower slope of roof

23.  1870-1880  Irregular steep roof  Ornamental gables  Overlapping decorative wood shingles for siding  Wraparound porches/ railings and columns  Circular tower that extends entire height of house

24.  Colonial Revival  1880-1995  Georgian, Saltbox, Cape Cod  Door is prominent  Decorative Pediment  Entry porch supported by slender columns  Windows symmetrically balanced pairs  Double-hung sashes  Tudor  1890-1940  Half-timbered look  Steeply pitched gables at front/sides  Tall, narrow windows/ small panes  Massive chimneys with chimney pots  Stucco, brick, and stone Period Revival Styles: copying in a more pure form,

25.  Colonial Revival  Tudor  Chateauesque Style  Mission Style Period Revival Styles: copying in a more pure form

26.  Prairie Style  Beginning of 20 th century- 1920  Frank Lloyd Wright  Emphasis on horizontal lines, low pitched roofs with overhanging eaves  Wide porches, rows of leaded-glass windows  Interior space: rooms flow into one another  Rooms are open and designed to connect with the outdoors  Not limited to Wright and his trained architects  Common forms is square, two- story  Hip roof and wide front porch  “American Foursquare”

27.  Craftsman Style  Originated Southern CA 1900-1930  Bungalow  Small, 1-story (or 1 ½ story)  Overhanging roof and covered porch  Met need of smaller, less expensive homes  Low-pitched gable roof  Decorative beams or braces under eaves  Full or partial width porches with roof  Supported by columns or pedestals extending to ground

28.  Steeply pitched roof  Often has an arched doorway  Tall, narrow windows with multi-pane glazing (many small window panes)  Large chimney  Multiple gables. A gable is the triangular part of the wall underneath the roof.  Often has half-timbering on the gables. Half- timbering looks like strips of wood attached to the house

29.  Tiled roof, usually red or green  Wide, overhanging eaves (the  eave is the part of the roof that  extends past the wall)  Walls are often made of stucco  Arched doorways and windows  Often has a balcony with iron  rails  Larger structures often have a  balcony or tower

30.  Smooth wall surfaces  Flat roof with a ledge at the roofline  Decorated with zigzag or other geometric designs, which are sometimes colorful  Building is “boxy” in shape  Towers above the roofline give a vertical emphasis  Engraving found around doors and windows

31.  International Style  1930-1950  Experiment with new materials/building methods  Frank Lloyd Wright (Fallingwater)  Design elements used in ways drastically different from tradition  Emphasize function  Decorative or ornamental elements avoided  Simple geometric shapes combined to create an asymmetrical design  Resembles a piece of sculpture  Roof usually flat  Exterior walls smooth, blank surfaces  Large expanses of windows

33.  Ranch  Long, low, one-story house  Resembles rambling one- story houses built by early settlers of the west  Low pitched gable or hip roof  Decorative shutters and picture windows  1950-1960’s  Lots were larger in suburbs

34.  Contemporary Style  1950-1970  Wide eave overhangs  Flat or low-pitched roofs with low gables  Exposed supporting beams  Contrasting wall materials and textures  Unusual placement and shapes of windows  Integrate into the landscape around it (complete opposite of International style)

35.  Split-level Style  1950-1970  Modification of ranch style home  At least 2 levels of living space  Connected by short flights of stairs  Originally designed to take advantage of sloping lot

36.  Shed Style  1960’s  Roofline made of a steeply pitched roof  Little or no traditional ornamentation  Wood shingle or board siding (horizontally, vertically, diagonally)  Entrance not obvious  Windows usually small/ placed asymmetrically

37.  Unique Designs: break all the existing rules of existing housing  A-Frame  Gabled roof extends to ground level on two sides  Usually vacation homes  Geodesic Dome  R. Buckminster Fuller 1947  Triangular frames joined to form a self- supporting roof and walls  Interior walls are not needed  Low-cost, energy- saving housing  Inexpensive to build

38. Many factors have influenced home design in North America. Environment, history, and the political, economic, and social conditions of the country have always played a role. Architects and builders have often looked to the past for inspiration. Housing styles continue to evolve. In the coming years, architects and builders will need to meet the needs of an aging population and a greater concern for resource conservation.