1. What is a Dictator? It is a ruler who has complete power over a country. They control the economics, media, and religion of a country and their citizens. Often, a dictator will exploit times of economic difficulty and feelings of extreme nationalism to win support. Objectives SWBAT identify the dictators of the era and explain how they took power of Europe define terms like fascism and totalitarianism explain how democratic nations tried to appease these dictators

2. Examples of Dictators: Adolf Hitler of Germany Benito Mussolini of Italy Tojo of Japan Objectives SWBAT identify the dictators of the era and explain how they took power of Europe define terms like fascism and totalitarianism explain how democratic nations tried to appease these dictators

3. What is Fascism? It is a governmental system where the dictator has complete power and control over the citizens. They use force to suppress opposition and criticism, and usually use nationalism and racism as a source of power. Objectives SWBAT identify the dictators of the era and explain how they took power of Europe define terms like fascism and totalitarianism explain how democratic nations tried to appease these dictators

4. What is Totalitarianism? form of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of the individual’s life to the authority of the government. Objectives SWBAT identify the dictators of the era and explain how they took power of Europe define terms like fascism and totalitarianism explain how democratic nations tried to appease these dictators

5. What is an Isolationist ? As threats of war in Europe grew, US was in a mood to be isolationist. Congress passed Neutrality Acts which banned sale of arms and loans to countries at war. FDR also continued his Good Neighbor Policy towards Latin America by withdrawing from Nicaragua and Haiti. Objectives SWBAT identify the dictators of the era and explain how they took power of Europe define terms like fascism and totalitarianism explain how democratic nations tried to appease these dictators

6. Moving Towards War... ITALY: Benito Mussolini To Take Control…. Exploited economic troubles Played up Italian anger about Versailles Treaty (Italians were angry because they didn't get all the land they wanted) Used fears of Communist revolution Once in power, Mussolini: Outlawed all other political parties controlled press, and wouldn't allow criticism of the govt. "Mussolini is always right" chanted in schools was called "Il Duce" the leader Invaded Ethiopia in 1935 to build a new "Roman Empire" (Ethiopia called on the League of Nations for help, but they did nothing) Objectives SWBAT identify the dictators of the era and explain how they took power of Europe define terms like fascism and totalitarianism explain how democratic nations tried to appease these dictators

7. To take control... Tojo and other military leaders conquer the country by force Took control and... seized Manchuria in NE China for coal and iron (the League of Nations did nothing) 1937 began all out war against China Isolationist feelings in US prevented a response, even though the US was concerned about the Philippines and the affects on the Open Door Policy Moving Towards War... JAPAN: Military leadership, Hideki Tojo Objectives SWBAT identify the dictators of the era and explain how they took power of Europe define terms like fascism and totalitarianism explain how democratic nations tried to appease these dictators

8. Moving Towards War... GERMANY: Adolf Hitler To take control, Hitler: took advantage of German anger over the Versailles Treaty (Germans were blamed for WWI) organized the Nazis to help him win power vowed to bring jobs & bread to families, playing on their economic difficulties spread a message of hatred that blamed Germany's problems on the Jews Once in power, Hitler: ended the democratic govt. becoming the Führer (leader) Crushed all rivals and made a Totalitarian State, or a system where the single party controls the government and all aspects of peoples' lives banned all criticism of the gov’t and himself built up armed forces, or militarism Objectives SWBAT identify the dictators of the era and explain how they took power of Europe define terms like fascism and totalitarianism explain how democratic nations tried to appease these dictators

9. In this excerpt, Adolf Hitler explains some of his ideas. One blood demands one Reich (empire/nation). Never will the German nation have the moral right to enter into colonial politics until, at least, it includes its own sons within a single state.... Oppressed territories are led back to the bossom of a common Reich, not by flaming protests, but by a mighty sword. Source: Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, 1925-26 (adapted) 1. What did Hitler suggest was needed for Germany? How would that lead to war? Objectives SWBAT identify how the dictators of the era began WWII

10. War in Europe Begins 1936, Hitler takes Rhineland (area lost in the Versailles treaty) 1938, Germany annexed Austria (Hitler's homeland) 1938, Hitler claimed the Sudetenland, part of Czechoslovakia (Britain & France had vowed to protect Czechoslovakia) Munich Conference: Hitler assures European leaders he wants no more land Britain & France give in to Hitler's claims for the Sudetenland to preserve peace *This practice of giving in to aggression in order to avoid further conflict is called appeasement....regardless of promises, Hitler takes the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939.

11. Nazi/SovietPact Soviet Union under Stalin made a pact with Hitler to not attack each other. Secretly, they agreed to divide up Poland when it was conquered. German troops march into Poland in 1939. Two days later, Britain and France declare war on Germany. Appeasement had not worked. "Second Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact" of 28 September 1939. Map of Poland signed by Stalin and Ribbentrop adjusting definitive German/Soviet border in the aftermath of German and Soviet invasion of Poland.

12. Review What is appeasement, and how did Britain & France appease Hitler? Can you name the land that Germany attacks 1 st after breaking the appeasement contract ? What event broke the Nazi/Soviet Pact ?

13. War Begins Germany invades Poland in a lightning attack, or blitzkrieg Britain and France declare war on Germany 13 Axis PowersAllies Germany Britain JapanFrance ItalySoviet Union (6 others will join)(US, China and 45 other countries later)

14. Spring of 1940, Germany marches north & west Germans take over Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium Germany & Italy attack and quickly take France, despite British help. Germans march right into Paris and take over on June 22, 1940. Battle of Britain Winston Churchill (Prime Minister) tells the world that the British will stand firm! German planes bombard British cities after months of bombardment, Germans gave up their planned attack on Britain. 14

15. American Policy Most Americans sympathized with the Allies, but didn't want to go to war Roosevelt couldn't get the Neutrality Acts repealed, but he was able to pass a "cash and carry" program to help supply Britain 1940 a peacetime draft was set up in the US, and greater spending was approved for the military to prepare for war America's biggest fear was that Britain would fall and Hitler would control the Atlantic Ocean! 1940 FDR breaks precedent and runs for a third term! "Don't change horses midstream!“ was his slogan, and he won. To defend the 4 freedoms (speech, worship, want and from fear), the US needed to be the great "arsenal of democracy." Lend Lease Act is passed in 1941: allowed sales and loans of war materials to any country whose defense was vital to the defense of the US (aka, Britain and Russia). Atlantic Charter: 1941 FDR & Churchill (British Prime Minister) plans for postwar world The two agreed to seek no territorial gain from war support all people in their right to choose their own gov’t & self-determination (something like the League of Nations) 15