1. Samuel Anoints David 1

2. 1 Samuel 16:1a 1a The L ORD said to Samuel, “How long will you mourn for Saul, since I have rejected him as king over Israel? 2 Why do you think Samuel mourned for Saul? Samuel was older and certainly not physically capable of leading Israel, Saul and he had worked closely throughout his kingship until God cut Saul off due to disobedience. Who was to lead Israel?

3. 1 Samuel 16:1b 1b Fill your horn with oil and be on your way; I am sending you to Jesse of Bethlehem. I have chosen one of his sons to be king.” 3 What has been the significance of oil? Genesis 28:18 18 So Jacob rose early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put under his head and set it up as a pillar and poured oil on its top. What is the backdrop and significance of Jacob pouring oil here? Genesis 28:16-17 16 Then Jacob awoke from his sleep and said, “Surely the L ORD is in this place, and I did not know it.” 17 He was afraid and said, “How awesome is this place! This is none other than the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven.” Oil was to designate where God is from this set of verses.

4. 4 Exodus 25:6 6 oil for lighting, spices for the anointing oil and for the fragrant incense, What is the backdrop and significance of oil here? Exodus 25:3-8 3 This is the contribution which you are to raise from them: gold, silver and bronze, 4 blue, purple and scarlet material, fine linen, goat hair, 5 rams’ skins dyed red, porpoise skins, acacia wood, 6 oil for lighting, spices for the anointing oil and for the fragrant incense, 7 onyx stones and setting stones for the ephod and for the breastpiece. 8 Let them construct a sanctuary for Me, that I may dwell among them. It was for lighting and for fragrant incense at a place where God is, in the tabernacle of God.

5. 5 Genesis 29:7 7 Then you shall take the anointing oil and pour it on his head and anoint him. What is the backdrop and significance of oil here? Genesis 29:4-7 4 Then you shall bring Aaron and his sons to the doorway of the tent of meeting and wash them with water. 5 You shall take the garments, and put on Aaron the tunic and the robe of the ephod and the ephod and the breastpiece, and gird him with the skillfully woven band of the ephod; 6 and you shall set the turban on his head and put the holy crown on the turban. 7 Then you shall take the anointing oil and pour it on his head and anoint him. To designate someone to service to God.

6. 6 Exodus 30:25 25 You shall make of these a holy anointing oil, a perfume mixture, the work of a perfumer; it shall be a holy anointing oil. What is the backdrop and significance of oil here? Exodus 30:26-33 26 With it you shall anoint the tent of meeting and the ark of the testimony, 27 and the table and all its utensils, and the lampstand and its utensils, and the altar of incense, 28 and the altar of burnt offering and all its utensils, and the laver and its stand. 29 You shall also consecrate them, that they may be most holy; whatever touches them shall be holy. 30 You shall anoint Aaron and his sons, and consecrate them, that they may minister as priests to Me. 31 You shall speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘This shall be a holy anointing oil to Me throughout your generations. 32 It shall not be poured on anyone’s body, nor shall you make any like it in the same proportions; it is holy, and it shall be holy to you. 33 Whoever shall mix any like it or whoever puts any of it on a layman shall be cut off from his people.’” These are instructions to Moses on how to consecrate the tabernacle and the priests to be in the presence of God. Note how it is set aside only for designating what is Holy.

7. 7 Leviticus 2:1-2 1 ‘Now when anyone presents a grain offering as an offering to the L ORD, his offering shall be of fine flour, and he shall pour oil on it and put frankincense on it. 2 He shall then bring it to Aaron’s sons the priests; and shall take from it his handful of its fine flour and of its oil with all of its frankincense. And the priest shall offer it up in smoke as its memorial portion on the altar, an offering by fire of a soothing aroma to the L ORD. What is the significance of oil here? As a part of an offering or sacrifice to God. 1 Samuel 10:1 1 Then Samuel took the flask of oil, poured it on his head, kissed him and said, “Has not the L ORD anointed you a ruler over His inheritance? What is the significance of oil here? To designate someone chosen by God for His purpose, in this case Saul.

8. 1 Samuel 16:2-3 2 But Samuel said, “How can I go? If Saul hears about it, he will kill me.” The L ORD said, “Take a heifer with you and say, ‘I have come to sacrifice to the L ORD.’ 3 Invite Jesse to the sacrifice, and I will show you what to do. You are to anoint for me the one I indicate.” 8 Samuel morns for Saul but what other emotion is described here, does it seem strange? Fear Saul will kill him for anointing someone else. If Samuel fears Saul killing him, what is the state of Israel at this time? They probably have slipped back into idol worship. How does God address his fear? God gives Samuel a bona fide reason to go to see Jesse so he can anoint one of sons as the next king of Israel.

9. 1 Samuel 16:4 4 Samuel did what the L ORD said. When he arrived at Bethlehem, the elders of the town trembled when they met him. They asked, “Do you come in peace?” 9 Why did the elders at Bethlehem greet Samuel the way they did? They feared Samuel because they knew God was with him. Samuel by this time in his life did not travel much. A prophet of God showing up was because something significant was to happen.

10. 1 Samuel 16:5 5 Samuel replied, “Yes, in peace; I have come to sacrifice to the L ORD. Consecrate yourselves and come to the sacrifice with me.” Then he consecrated Jesse and his sons and invited them to the sacrifice. 10 Why did the elders at Bethlehem greet Samuel the way they did? They feared Samuel because they knew God was with him. Samuel by this time in his life did not travel much. A prophet of God showing up was because something significant was to happen. What is the historical significance of Bethlehem at the time of Samuel? Rachel was buried there (Genesis 35:19), the judge Ibzan was from Bethlehem (Judges 12:8), Naomi the mother of Ruth was from Bethlehem (Ruth 1:22), Boaz (David’s great grandfather) was from Bethlehem (Ruth 2:4).

11. 1 Samuel 16:6 -7 6 When they arrived, Samuel saw Eliab and thought, “Surely the L ORD ’s anointed stands here before the L ORD.” 7 But the L ORD said to Samuel, “Do not consider his appearance or his height, for I have rejected him. The L ORD does not look at the things people look at. People look at the outward appearance, but the L ORD looks at the heart.” 11 What was Samuel considering when he was trying to determine which of Jesse’s sons to anoint? Someone who looked impressive, powerful, regal. What is God’s criteria? The heart of the individual. What does that mean, the heart? Where your heart is, that is where you place your devotion. Matthew 6:21 21 for where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.

12. 1 Samuel 16:8 -10 8 Then Jesse called Abinadab and had him pass in front of Samuel. But Samuel said, “The L ORD has not chosen this one either.” 9 Jesse then had Shammah pass by, but Samuel said, “Nor has the L ORD chosen this one.” 10 Jesse had seven of his sons pass before Samuel, but Samuel said to him, “The L ORD has not chosen these.” 12 How many sons did Jesse have pass in front of Samuel? Seven. How many sons did Jesse have? Eight.

13. 1 Samuel 16:11a 11a So he asked Jesse, “Are these all the sons you have?” “There is still the youngest,” Jesse answered. “He is tending the sheep.” 13 Why do you think Jesse did not bring the eighth? Why bring the kid, besides, someone has to watch the sheep. What is the contrast in what Saul did prior to being king versus David? Saul appeared to be a farmer, David was a shepherd.

14. 1 Samuel 16:11b-12 11b Samuel said, “Send for him; we will not sit down until he arrives.” 12 So he sent for him and had him brought in. He was glowing with health and had a fine appearance and handsome features. Then the L ORD said, “Rise and anoint him; this is the one.” 14 What does Samuel do to show the significance of David arriving? They stand and wait for him. What are God’s instructions? To anoint him. What is the significance of anointing him? He was to be of God, chosen by Him, and serve Him for His purpose.

15. 1 Samuel 16:13 13 So Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in the presence of his brothers, and from that day on the Spirit of the L ORD came powerfully upon David. Samuel then went to Ramah. 15 What happened when Samuel anointed David? God’s Spirit came on to David. God’s Spirit is as much God as is the Father or Son, how could it come on to David, a sinner?