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Regulating Cell Cycle Cells move through cycle at different rates Muscle and nerve cells DO NOT DIVIDE! Bone marrow cells continuously make new blood cells.

Published byArline York Modified over 8 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "Regulating Cell Cycle Cells move through cycle at different rates Muscle and nerve cells DO NOT DIVIDE! Bone marrow cells continuously make new blood cells."— Presentation transcript:

1 Regulating Cell Cycle Cells move through cycle at different rates Muscle and nerve cells DO NOT DIVIDE! Bone marrow cells continuously make new blood cells Skin and digestive tract cells divide continuously Controls can be turned ON and OFF Regulatory proteins Protein CYCLIN regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotes

2 Regulatory Proteins Internal and External Growth factors stimulate growth and division of cells Embryonic development Wound healing

3 Apoptosis Cells are made; cells also die Cells may die by damage or programmed cell death APOPTOSIS starts series of steps that lead to cell self-destruction

4 CANCER is Uncontrolled Cell Growth Cancer cells do not respond to regulatory signals Uncontrolled division Tumor ~ mass of cancer cells Benign cells do NOT spread to nearby tissue or other parts of the body Malignant cells DO spread to other tissues and destroys them Cancer cells take nutrients from other cells, block nerves, disrupt organ function

5 Cancer Cell GROWTH Abnormal cell growth Tumor forms Cancer cells spread via bloodstream or lymph vessels

6 How Cancer Spreads

7 Possible causes of cancer Defective ‘cell growth and regulation’ genes Possible causes: Smoking, chewing tobacco (lungs, mouth) Radiation UV exposure (melanoma/skin cells) Defective genes, such as p53 Heredity (genetic disposition) Viruses (HPV) Treatment: removal of cancer cells, radiation, pharmaceuticals (chemical compounds), gene therapy?

8 VIRUSES VIRUS ~ nonliving particle that can reproduce ONLY by infecting living cells Viruses ~ Latin for ‘POISON’ STRUCTURE OF VIRUS: Capsid ~ protein coat surrounding virus Allows virus to enter host cells by binding surface proteins DNA or RNA inside

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10 Types of VIRUSES

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12 VIRAL Replication

13 Types of viral replication Lytic infection ~ Virus enters bacterial cell, replicates, causes cell to burst (lyse) Lysogenic infection ~ Virus’s nucleic acid is inserted into host DNA RNA viruses ~ Common cold, HIV

14 Replication ~ FLU virus

15 Replication ~ HIV

16 Diseases caused by viruses

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