3. Chemical Characteristics Assessing Hazards Presented by: Eureka Educators

4. Chemical Characteristics Today’s Topics  Physical States of Matter  Boiling Point  B.L.E.V.E.  Cryogens  Fuel Family  Flash Point  Flammable Range  Ignition Temperature

5. Chemical Characteristics Today’s Topics  Corrosives  Vapor Density  Specific Gravity  Solubility

39. SOLID LIQUID GAS Melting/Freezing Point ……………… Boiling Point ………………………..

40. SOLID LIQUID GAS Melting/Freezing Point ……………… Boiling Point ………………………..

41. Boiling Point The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid exceeds the surrounding pressure

42. Boiling Point The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas

43. Boiling Point

48. At what temperature does water boil?

49. Boiling Point At what temperature does water boil? 212° F

50. Boiling Point Water212degrees F Pentane97degrees F Sulfuric Acid518 degrees F

51. Boiling Point 15,000ft Sea Level 184°F 212°F Water212degrees F Pentane97degrees F Sulfuric Acid518 degrees F

52. Boiling Point Water212degrees F Pentane97degrees F Sulfuric Acid518 degrees F

53. Boiling Point Water212degrees F Pentane97degrees F Sulfuric Acid518 degrees F

54. Boiling Point Pentane97° F

55. Boiling Point Sulfuric Acid 518° F

56. B.L.E.V.E. B oiling L iquid E xpanding V apor E xplosion

57. B.L.E.V.E.  Acetone 133°F  Acetic Acid 103°F  Pentane 97°F  Ethylene glycol 388°F

58. B.L.E.V.E.  Pentane 97°F  Acetic Acid 103°F  Acetone 133°F  Ethylene glycol 388°F

59. Cryogenic Gases CRYOGENIC GASES are gases with a boiling point of 150 degrees below zero Fahrenheit or lower, and are liquefied using temperature and/or pressure. Click here for Cryogen Video CRYOGENICBOILINGPOINTEXPANSIONRATIO % BY VOLUME OF GAS IN AIR ARGON-302°F 840 TO 1 0.93 HYDROGEN-423°F 848 TO 1 0.00005 NITROGEN-320°F 694 TO 1 78.00 OXYGEN-297°F 857 TO 1 20.95

60. Cryogenic Gases THE HAZARDS OF CRYOGENIC GASES: 1. Extremely cold temperatures 2. High expansion ratios/displacement of oxygen 3. Hazards associated with the chemical itself The application of water does not cool a cryogen

61. Don’t Burn SOLID LIQUID GAS

62. SOLID LIQUID GAS

63. SOLID LIQUID GAS

64. Melting/Freezing Point ……………… Boiling Point ……………………….. SOLID LIQUID GAS

65. Boiling Point Using Boiling Point to separate mixtures EtOH 173°F Water212°F

66. Crude Oil “Carbon Soup”

68. -57° 450° FLASH POINT

69. 204° -45°

70. Flammable Range The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

71. Flammable Range LFL ---- UFL Note the LFL as an indicator of how small a release it will require to cause a fire or explosion hazard

72. Flammable Range LFL ---- UFL Note the spread between the LFL and UFL as an indicator of how large an area might be within the Flammable Range.

73. Flammable Range FUEL LFL (LEL) UFL (UEL) Natural Gas Acetylene Gasoline Anhydrous ammonia The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

74. Flammable Range FUEL LFL (LEL) UFL (UEL) Natural Gas 5 Acetylene Gasoline Anhydrous ammonia The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

75. Flammable Range FUEL LFL (LEL) UFL (UEL) Natural Gas 515 Acetylene Gasoline Anhydrous ammonia The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

76. Flammable Range FUEL LFL (LEL) UFL (UEL) Natural Gas 515 Acetylene2.5 Gasoline Anhydrous ammonia The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

77. Flammable Range FUEL LFL (LEL) UFL (UEL) Natural Gas 515 Acetylene2.582 Gasoline Anhydrous ammonia The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

78. Flammable Range FUEL LFL (LEL) UFL (UEL) Natural Gas 515 Acetylene2.5 82 (100%) Gasoline Anhydrous ammonia The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

79. Flammable Range FUEL LFL (LEL) UFL (UEL) Natural Gas 515 Acetylene2.5 82 (100%) Gasoline1.47.6 Anhydrous ammonia The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

80. Flammable Range FUEL LFL (LEL) UFL (UEL) Natural Gas 515 Acetylene2.5 82 (100%) Gasoline1.47.6 Anhydrous ammonia 1528 The FLAMMABLE RANGE is defined by the LFL (Lower Flammable Limit) and the UFL (Upper Flammable Limit).

81. Flash Point The FLASH POINT is the temperature at which enough vapor is formed, above the surface of the liquid, to allow for a flash

82. Flash Point If you know the Flash Point, then you know the temperature at which you are threatened by the possibility of fire.

83. Don’t Burn SOLID LIQUID GAS

84. Flash Point

87. Flash Point is the temperature that the liquid had to be in order to create enough vapor, above the surface of the liquid, to allow for a flash.

88. Flash Point Temperature at which the LFL is formed above the liquid LFL

89. Flash Point The FLASH POINT is the temperature at which enough vapor is formed, above the surface of the liquid, to allow for a flash FUEL FLASH POINT Gasoline-45°F Acetone Isopropyl alcohol

90. Flash Point The FLASH POINT is the temperature at which enough vapor is formed, above the surface of the liquid, to allow for a flash FUEL FLASH POINT Gasoline-45°F Acetone0°F Isopropyl alcohol

91. Flash Point The FLASH POINT is the temperature at which enough vapor is formed, above the surface of the liquid, to allow for a flash FUEL FLASH POINT Gasoline-45°F Acetone0°F Isopropyl alcohol 53°F

92. Flash Point Demo Isopropyl alcohol Flash Point 53°

93. Ignition Temperature The minimum temperature required to cause self-sustained combustion. FUEL Ignition Temperature Gasoline 536 – 853°F Acetone869°F Anhydrous ammonia 1562°F White phosphorous 86°F

94. Ignition Temperature White phosphorous 86°F

95. pH The “p” stands for “potenz”… a German word meaning strength. The “H” stands for “hydrogen ions”

96. pH 0 14 123456 7 9810111213 ACID BASE CAUSTIC ALKALINE

97. pH 0 14 123456 7 9810111213 ACID BASE CAUSTIC ALKALINE

98. pH 0 14 123456 7 9810111213 ACID BASE CAUSTIC ALKALINE 10X

99. pH 0 14 123456 7 9810111213 ACID BASE CAUSTIC ALKALINE 100X

100. pH 0 14 123456 7 9810111213 ACID BASE CAUSTIC ALKALINE 1,000 X

101. pH 0 14 123456 7 9810111213 ACID BASE CAUSTIC ALKALINE 10,000 X

102. pH 0 14 123456 7 9810111213 ACID BASE CAUSTIC ALKALINE 100,000X

103. pH 0 14 123456 7 9810111213 ACID BASE CAUSTIC ALKALINE 1,000,000X

104. pH Acid/BaseSolutionpH BASEALKALINECAUSTIC Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Household Bleach Milk of Magnesia Baking Soda 1311.8108.4 NEUTRAL Water (distilled) Milk76.8 ACIDRain Black coffee Cola, vinegar Hydrochloric acid 5.85.031

105. pH Mitigation Choices:

106. pH  Neutralize  Absorb  Contain/Collect  Dilute

107. pH Mitigation Choices:  Neutralize

108. pH Mitigation Choices:  Absorb

109. pH Mitigation Choices:  Contain/Collect

110. pH Mitigation Choices:  Dilute  “Dilution is never the solution”

111. pH Mitigation Choices:  Dilute One million gallons of water to neutralize 1 gallon of corrosive

112. pH Which of these is most corrosive? Drano pH 13 Coffee pH 5 Vinegar pH 3

113. pH Which of these is most corrosive? Drano pH 13 Coffee pH 5 Vinegar pH 3

114. pH Which of these is least corrosive? Drano pH 13 Coffee pH 5 Vinegar pH 3

115. pH Which of these is least corrosive? Drano pH 13 Coffee pH 5 Vinegar pH 3

116. Vapor Density VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR.

117. Vapor Density VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR. Air Molecular Weight (Average) = 29

118. Vapor Density VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR. Methane Molecular Weight = 16 CH 4 Air Molecular Weight (Average) = 29

119. Vapor Density Methane Molecular Weight = 16 Vapor Density = 16/29 = 0.5 CH 4 Air Molecular Weight (Average) = 29 VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR.

120. Vapor Density Vapor Hydrogen0.07 Anhydrous ammonia 0.6 Carbon monoxide 0.96 Air1.0 Carbon dioxide 1.59 MDI8.63 VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR.

121. Vapor Density VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR. Vapor Vapor Density Hydrogen0.07 Anhydrous ammonia 0.6 Carbon monoxide 0.96 Air1.0 Carbon dioxide 1.59 MDI8.63

122. Vapor Density VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR. Vapor Vapor Density Hydrogen0.07 Anhydrous ammonia 0.6 Carbon monoxide 0.96 Air1.0 Carbon dioxide 1.59 MDI8.63

123. Vapor Density VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR. Vapor Vapor Density Hydrogen0.07 Anhydrous ammonia 0.6 Carbon monoxide 0.96 Air1.0 Carbon dioxide 1.59 MDI8.63

124. Vapor Density VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR. Vapor Vapor Density Hydrogen0.07 Anhydrous ammonia 0.6 Carbon monoxide 0.96 Air1.0 Carbon dioxide 1.59 MDI8.63

125. Vapor Density VAPOR DENSITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of vapor as compared to AIR. Vapor Vapor Density Hydrogen0.07 Anhydrous ammonia 0.6 Carbon monoxide 0.96 Air1.0 Carbon dioxide 1.59 MDI8.63

126. Vapor Density Compute vapor density for the following (Remember the MW for Air=29): Ethyl Chloride Nitrogen dioxide

127. Vapor Density Compute vapor density for the following (Remember the MW for Air=29): Ethyl Chloride 64.5/29 =2.2 Nitrogen dioxide 46/29 =1.6

128. Specific Gravity SPECIFIC GRAVITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of a liquid as compared to WATER. Density of Water = 8.33 lbs/gal Density of Gasoline = 6.6 lbs/gal Specific Gravity of Gasoline = 6.6 / 8.33

129. Specific Gravity SPECIFIC GRAVITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of a liquid as compared to WATER. Density of Water = 8.33 lbs/gal Density of Gasoline = 6.6 lbs/gal Specific Gravity of Gasoline = 0.79

130. Specific Gravity SPECIFIC GRAVITY is the relative density (weight per unit volume) of a liquid as compared to WATER. Liquid Specific Gravity Gasoline0.79 Acetone0.79 Propionic acid 0.99 1,1,1 Trichloroethane 1.3 Tetranitromethane1.62 Sulfur pentafloride 2.08

131. Specific Gravity/Solubility Liquid Specific Gravity Solubility Gasoline0.79Insoluble Acetone0.79Miscible Propionic acid 0.99Miscible 1,1,1 Trichloroethane 1.30.4% Tetranitromethane1.62Insoluble Sulfur pentafloride 2.08Insoluble

132. Specific Gravity/Solubility If the following chemicals are spilled in a ditch with moving water, which one(s) can be absorbed or skimmed off the top of the water with booms. Propargyl alcohol NaphthaNonane

133. Specific Gravity/Solubility If the following chemicals are spilled in a ditch with moving water, which one(s) can be absorbed or skimmed off the top of the water with booms. Propargyl alcohol NaphthaNonane

134. Solubility “Like dissolves like”

135. Solubility

136. Solubility + -

137. Solubility

138. Solubility

139. Solubility

140. Solubility

141. Solubility

142. Solubility Which of the following chemicals will dissolve thoroughly in water? DisulfiramAcetone

143. Solubility Disulfiram0.02% AcetoneMiscible

144. Solubility Which of the following chemicals will dissolve thoroughly in water? Disulfiram AcetoneMiscible

145. Chemical Characteristics Assessing Hazards Presented by: Eureka Educators