2. Ideas of Government Q1: What ideas for government did we get from Rome and England? Q2: Who were the Enlightenment philosophers and what ideas did we use? Q3: What is the purpose of the Articles in the Constitution, and what do they do? Q4: What are the 7 principles to the Constitution? Q5: What do the 7 principles mean?

3. Ideas from Rome and England  The Example of Rome: The government of early Rome was a Republic in which citizens ruled through elected officials. However, this form of government collapsed and was replaced with a dictator.  Documents from England: The Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights placed limits on the power of rulers and protected the rights of citizens.

4. Ideas from the Enlightenment  John Locke: 1.Every individual has natural rights. 2.Government is an agreement between the ruler and the ruled. 3.People have a right to rebel if a ruler violates the peoples natural rights.  Baron de Montesquieu: –Separation of Powers: To keep on person or group from gaining to much power.

5. Articles of the Constitution  Article 1 –Establishes the powers and limits of the Legislative Branch.(Congress)  Article 2 –Establishes the powers and limits of the Executive Branch.(President)  Article 3 –Establishes the powers and limits of the Judicial Branch.(Courts)

6. Articles of the Constitution  Article 4 –Requires states to honor one another’s laws and sets system for admitting new states.  Article 5 –Provides a process to amend the Constitution.  Article 6 –States the Constitution is the “Supreme Law of the Land.”

7. Articles of the Constitution  Article 7 –Sets up procedures for states to ratify the Constitution.

8. Principles of the Constitution

9. I. Popular Sovereignty  The people are the primary source of the governments power.  The people hold the ultimate authority  A representative democracy lets the people elect leaders to make decisions for them.

10. II. Limited Government  Framers wanted to guard against tyranny  Government is limited to the power given them in the Constitution.  The Constitution tells how leaders who overstep their power can be removed

11. III. Federalism  The division of power between State (Reserved) and National (Enumerated) Governments  Some powers are shared (Concurrent)  The National Government has the “supreme power”

12. Federalism

13. IV. Separation of Powers  Divides government into three branches, each with its own duties.  Legislative branch makes the laws  Executive branch carries out the laws  Judicial branch interprets the laws

14. V. Checks and Balances  Prevents the abuse of power in government  Each branch of government limits the actions of the others.

15. VI. Republicanism  Idea of a nation being governed as a Republic.  Sovereignty is invested in the people.  People elect representatives to carry out their will.

16. VII. Individual Rights  Personal rights and privileges granted by the Constitution.  Constitution protects people’s rights.  Outlined and stated in the Bill of Rights.

17. The Three Branches

18. Senate  Number of Members: Two per state  Length of Term: ________________  President of the Senate:________________  Age:_______________________________

19. Senate  Number of Members: Two per state  Length of Term: _6 years  President of the Senate:_Vice President_  Age:___30 years old

20. House of Representatives  Number of Members for each state: Based on population(proportional)  Current number of members:___________  Representatives elected by:_____________ ___________________________________  Length of Term:______________________  Age:_______________________________

21. House of Representatives  Number of Members for each state: Based on population(proportional)  Current number of members:_435  Representatives elected by: people in state__________  Length of Term:___2 years_  Age:__25 years old

22. Legislative Branch  Senate and House of Representatives  Make our laws  Appropriate Money-Collect taxes  Coin Money  Regulate Immigration  Establish Post Offices and Roads  Regulate Interstate Commerce and Transportation  Declare War

23. Legislative Checks  Override president’s veto  Ratify treaties  Confirm executive appointments  Impeach federal officers and judges  Create and dissolve lower federal courts

24. Executive Branch  Duties: Carry out the ______ and run the affairs of the ____________.  Head Executive: President of the United States  Other members: Vice President, Cabinet, ___________, __________  Length of President’s term: ______ but no more than _________.  System by which President is elected: ________________________________

25. Executive Branch  Duties: Carry out the laws and run the affairs of the country  Head Executive: President of the United States  Other members: Vice President, Cabinet, federal agencies  Length of President’s term: 4 years but no more than 2 terms.  System by which President is elected: __Electoral College

26. Executive Checks  Propose laws to Congress  Veto laws made by Congress  Negotiate foreign treaties  Appoint federal judges  Grant pardons to federal offenders

27. Judicial Branch  Supreme Court and other Federal Courts  Preserve and protect the rights guaranteed by the Constitution  Considers cases involving national laws  Declares laws and acts “unconstitutional”

28. Lower Courts  In district courts, _________ is presented during trials, and a __________ or _______ decides the facts of the case.  A party that disagrees with a decision may _________ to a higher court.  Appellate Court judges review the decisions of district courts to ___________________ ___________________________________  Jurisdiction is _______________________

29. Lower Courts  In district courts, evidence is presented during trials, and a judge or jury decides the facts of the case.  A party that disagrees with a decision may appeal to a higher court.  Appellate Court judges review the decisions of district courts to see if following Constitutional law  Jurisdiction is the right to hear a case

30. The Supreme Court  Court consists of: ___________________  Justices appointed by: ________________  Appointments must be approved by: _______________  Length of Justices’ service:_____________  Main Job:___________________________  Number of cases heard per year:_________  Most important power:_________________  What the court can declare as unconstitutional: _____________________________________

31. The Supreme Court  Court consists of: 9 judges  Justices appointed by: President  Appointments approved by: Congress  Length of Justices’ service: Lifetime  Main Job: decide if laws are constitutional  Number of cases heard per year:_as many as want to hear  Most important power: judicial review  What the court can declare as unconstitutional: any law not abiding by the constitution that is brought them

32. Judicial Checks  Declare executive acts unconstitutional  Declare laws unconstitutional  Declare acts of Congress unconstitutional  The Supreme Court holds the final check

33. State and Local Governments

34. State Government  Each state has its own constitution.  State governments are made up of: –Executive (headed by a governor) –Legislature-Bicameral or unicameral –Judiciary-Local, County, State

35. State Government  Powers of State Government –Create corporate law. –Regulate trade within the state. –Maintain schools –Establish local governments –Make laws about marriage and divorce. –Conduct elections –Provide for the public safety.

36. Local Governments  Includes county, city, and town.  Most of local budgets are spent on education.  Local governments hire teachers, firefighters, police officers, and garbage collectors.  Local governments maintain roads and hospitals and provide public services.

37. Powers of the People in State and Local Governments  Direct Primary: allowed voters to choose the party candidates rather than the party conventions.  Initiative: allowed voters to propose a law directly. The idea comes from the people not the legislators  Referendum: a proposed law was submitted to the vote of the people.  Recall: ability for voters to remove an elected official.

38.  The first initiative went before the voters in 1912. It proposed granting women the right to vote, and was approved with 68 percent in favor.  Initiatives 2010- http://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php/Arizona_2010_ballot_measures http://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php/Arizona_2010_ballot_measures  2008 Primary- http://politics.nytimes.com/election- guide/2008/results/votes/http://politics.nytimes.com/election- guide/2008/results/votes  Referendum- http://www.azcentral.com/news/articles/2010/04/28/20100428arizona- immigration-law-referendum-could-delay.html http://www.azcentral.com/news/articles/2010/04/28/20100428arizona- immigration-law-referendum-could-delay.html  Recall- http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/13/arizona-recall- process-republicans_n_1274037.htmlhttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/13/arizona-recall- process-republicans_n_1274037.html

39. Citizenship  A citizen is entitled to all the rights and privileges of a particular nation.  To be a citizen of the United States, a person must be one of the following. 1.Born in the United States. 2.Have a parent who is a citizen. 3.Be 18 or younger when parents are naturalized.

40. Citizenship  Naturalization is the official legal process of becoming a citizen. Steps in process: 1.Live in the United States for five years. 2.Apply for citizenship. 3.Take citizenship exam. 4.Undergo interviews. 5.Take a citizenship oath.

41. Citizenship  Some responsibilities of citizens are required by law.  Other responsibilities are not required by law. These include serving the community, staying well informed, voting in elections and helping to create a just society.