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©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Research Findings and Need for Nutrition Policies For Healthy Development The quality of the child's nutrition can affect cognition and learning Child care staff's knowledge of nutrition has a direct effect on menu planning, modeling, and food selection.
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More children in child care 60% of children under 5 are in full time care Children in care more than 8 hours per day will have 2 meals and 2 snacks per day The longer the children are in child care, the more responsibility the teachers have to feed the children healthy meals ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Dietary guidelines are based on 4 principles: 1. reduce the incidents of obesity by reducing calorie intake 2. plant based diet, increase sea food, fat free/low fat milk, increase physical activity 3. significantly decrease eating foods containing added sugar, solid fat, and refined grains 4. meeting Physical Activity Guidelines ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Aim for fitness 60 minutes of active play/physical activity cut down on screen time Build a healthy base consume nutrient dense food reduce consumption of fast food, sugar beverages eat breakfast Choose sensibly whole grains lean, low fat protein, fruits, vegetables ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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My Plate Food System Introduced in 2011 to replace the food pyramid as a model for understanding Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, protein from both animal and non-animal sources and fat-free or low-fat dairy products Puts foods into 3 categories to simplify choices: Balancing calories - enjoy foods, eat smaller portions Foods to increase - low fat milk, fruit, vegetables, WATER Foods to reduce - sodium, sugar snacks, sugar drinks ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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MyPlate (cont.) Balancing Calories - Enjoy your food, but eat less - Avoid oversized portions Foods to Increase - Make ½ your plate fruits and veggies - Make at least ½ of your grains, whole grains - Switch to fat-free or low fat milk Foods to Reduce - Drink water instead of sugary drinks - Refined grains (takes the nutrients out) - Compare sodium in foods like soups, bread and frozen meals and choose lower sodium options ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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MyPlate encourages: Grains - wheat, rice, barley, oats Refined or enriched means the nutrients have been taken out :( Vegetables - children need more green, beans, peas, orange, and red Any vegetable or 100% vegetable juice count Fruit - any fruit and 100% fruit juice. Limit juice due to sugar ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Protein - meats, poultry, eggs, fish, dry beans, peas, nuts, seeds Fish has healthy oils for your heart and brain Dairy - choose low fat/fat free milk Children age 0-1 year need infant formula because their bodies cannot digest cow's milk Children ages 1-2 need WHOLE milk. they need the fat for their brain and body development Cream cheese, butter, cream are bot counted as dairy because of the very little calcium ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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EMPTY CALORIES - Limit solid fats, high sodium, high sugar, fruit juice, pop, snacks, etc. 20% of children are overweight by age 6 My Plate encourages 60 minutes of physical activity per day for ages 6-17 per day, ages 2-5 multiple opportunities for exercise per day ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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U.S. Daily Reference Intake (DRI) Food Labels - Calories, fat, cholesterol, carbohydrates, protein, Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, calcium, trans fats and iron CHECK THE SERVING SIZE on the label!!! New label will include updated serving sizes, reflection of real calories consumed and added sugars FOP- front of package labels GMOs - Genetically Modified Organisms - used to produce wheat, soybean, corn ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Child and Adult Care Food Program child care centers can be reimbursed for a portion of their food costs if they follow set nutritional guidelines and meal patterns Encourage more fruit, veges, milk, meat/substitute LESS sweets, sugar, and juice National School Lunch Program schools must serve lunch that meet the standards, offer free or reduced lunch to eligible students, school wellness policy for physical activity ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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How are we as a country doing on our eating habits? How might we improve? ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Nutrients Substances found in foods that provide for growth, development and maintenance of our bodies Broken in to two categories >> Macronutrients and micronutrients Metabolism - chemical changes that take place as nutrients are taken into the blood, processed, and eliminated ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Basic Macronutrients are energy nutrients that provide calories Fats 9 calories/gram Proteins 4 calories/gram Carbohydrates 4 calories/gram Children needs carbs to fuel their muscles and brain. Children should never be put on a restricted diet from one specific group ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Gluten issues - some people cannot process the protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and oats Celiac disease/gluten intolerance is not a food allergy digestive upsets autoimmune disease FATS energy reserves, source of energy, maintain body temp, healthy skin Ages 2-8. fats should be 20-35% of daily intake: meats, beans, dairy ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Concerns with Fat: too much can lead to negative consequences high cholesterol, heart disease, Trans fats - saturated, vegetable shortening, butter vegetable fats are better than animal fats Protein - 3rd source of energy Children get protein from meat, eggs, beans, fish, milk products lack of protein makes children tired, fatigued, irritable, slow recovery to wounds ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Protein Third source of energy and will only be used as a source if all supplies of fat and carbohydrates are used Complete proteins come from animal sources Incomplete proteins come from plant sources such as beans, lentil and dried peas ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Types of Fats Saturated >> raises cholesterol >> found in animal fats Monounsaturated >> is neutral >> found in olives, peanuts, nuts and avocado Polyunsaturated >> lowers cholesterol >> found in plants and plant oils Trans fats ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Vitamins - assist energy nutrients and aid in metabolism Fat Soluble Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K Water Soluble Vitamin B and Vitamin C ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Minerals Help the metabolic process and regulate body fluids Calcium Phosphorus Iron Sodium Magnesium Potassium Fluoride
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Micronutrient Deficiencies Most likely to Affect Children Dental Caries Risk reduced by consuming adequate calcium, having fluoride in drinking water and brushing teeth Iron-Deficiency Anemia Risk reduced by consuming adequate amounts of iron ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Water Necessary to sustain life 70% of human body is water Water loss in body due to urination and evaporation Sources are most foods found in nature and water ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Allows one to understand what a child eats, where, when, why and how much Types: 24-hour dietary recall Food Tracker on MyPlate is one example Food frequency questionnaire Direct Observation for food intake ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Families Many families unaware of importance of diet Support with educational materials about good dietary practices Help with locating resources for families Learn from families with children who have disabilities or special needs as they are often the “experts” on feeding their children Activities for Family Engagement Compare Asian and Hispanic food pyramids ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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Cooking experiences Field trips Dramatic play Community helpers ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
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