1. Some Considerations for Sustainable Development of RCARO 2009 RCARO Jeju Workshop John K Chung

2. To begin with What is past is a prologue.

3. The Issue of Sustainable Development Basically, That meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (Brundtland Report) What is ‘Needs’? What is ‘Needs’? - Essential needs of the world’s poor - MSGs 5 Key Thematic Sectors: - MSGs 5 Key Thematic Sectors: WEHAB (Water, Energy, Heath, Agriculture, Biodiversity)

4. Definition of Sustainability To provide the best for people and the environment both now and in the indefinite future. Nowadays, ‘Sustainability’ is used as a term for all of human activity.

5. RCA and Sustainability Capturing Sustainability is a must for all RCA projects Capturing Sustainability is a must for all RCA projects - All future Concept Papers regarding new Project Proposals should indicate Sustainability of the Projects) - Beginning from 2009 Concept Papers - When explaining ‘Sustainability’, should also indicate Government’s commitment to the Project – The Basis of Regional Project should be National Project

6. Another Fashion of Sustainability Institutional Sustainability (Organizational Sustainability) Institutional Sustainability (Organizational Sustainability) Financial Sustainability Financial Sustainability (Economic Sustainability) Project Sustainability Project Sustainability (Business Sustainability) Sustainability = Viability Sustainability = Viability

7. 1. RCARO Organizational Sustainability Since its inception, - No independent legal entity - Under MEST - Within KAERI - Dual operation by RCA MSs (SAC) and MEST (Steering Committee) - RCARO facing Identity Crisis

8. RCARO Organizational Sustainability Ideal concept Ideal concept - An independent body operated by RCA Agreement representing RCA MSs - Operating and managing budget by the Host Government (Korea) as promised (Working Paper) - Financial contribution for RCARO initiated projects by MSs desirable

9. RCARO Organizational Sustainability Keep open competition policy for Director (originating MS should bear cost) Keep open competition policy for Director (originating MS should bear cost) Invite Deputy Director, not from host MS (RCARO cover the cost) Invite Deputy Director, not from host MS (RCARO cover the cost) Maximum use of regional experts (e.g. retired) for RCARO (as Temp Staff) from MSs Maximum use of regional experts (e.g. retired) for RCARO (as Temp Staff) from MSs In order to earn credibility and reliability before regional and international communities.

10. 2. RCARO Financial Sustainability [Budget Provisions] Korea promised to provide necessary operating expenses, including the salary of the Director, if he/she is a Korean. (Working Paper adopted by MSs when establishing RCARO in 2002)

11. RCARO Financial Sustainability In principle, RCARO is not responsible for fund for: In principle, RCARO is not responsible for fund for: - RCA on-going projects - New RCARO initiated projects approved by MSs - Other activities directed by MSs besides the regular operation of RCARO But, one of RCARO’s roles is to seek additional fund for RCA in order to promote RCA visibility and to increase RCA viability (RCA GOR) But, one of RCARO’s roles is to seek additional fund for RCA in order to promote RCA visibility and to increase RCA viability (RCA GOR)

12. RCARO Financial Sustainability How to secure fund for RCARO initiated projects How to secure fund for RCARO initiated projects - Financial contributions from MSs to RCARO initiated projects is desirable (both cash and in-kind) - Financial endowment from host government is recommendable (using Korea’s Overseas Development Assistance Fund) - Financial contribution from nuclear-related industries both from regional and international communities - Possible use of unused IAEA-RCA budget (leftovers because of the low implementation of IAEA/RCA projects)

13. 3. Interaction with IAEA Change of RCA Status IAEA has been emphasizing ownership of RCA by MSs since mid-1990s IAEA has been emphasizing ownership of RCA by MSs since mid-1990s IAEA provides secretariat service to RCA, however reducing functional responsibility IAEA provides secretariat service to RCA, however reducing functional responsibility - RCA Coordinator: D → P - RCA Coordinator → RCA Focal Person (under SH) (AFRA, ARCAL and ARASIA have no Focal Persons) (AFRA, ARCAL and ARASIA have no Focal Persons) - Project management: Involvement of COs - RCA programme staff: No (Only CFEs)

14. 3. Interaction with IAEA IAEA is responsible for secretarial services for RCA (including RCARO affairs because RCARO was established by RCA MSs) IAEA is responsible for secretarial services for RCA (including RCARO affairs because RCARO was established by RCA MSs) IAEA recognizes RCARO roles for RCA MSs IAEA recognizes RCARO roles for RCA MSs Additional legal back-up measures. e.g. Agreement between IAEA and RCARO (or ROK as host of RCARO) for mutual co-operation for the benefit of RCA Additional legal back-up measures. e.g. Agreement between IAEA and RCARO (or ROK as host of RCARO) for mutual co-operation for the benefit of RCA IAEA considers attach IAEA fellowships from MSs to RCARO for supporting RCARO initiated projects IAEA considers attach IAEA fellowships from MSs to RCARO for supporting RCARO initiated projects

15. RCARO and IAEA RCA Guidelines and Operating Rules RCA Guidelines and Operating Rules 6.1 Roles and Responsibilities of IAEA (a) Function and the Secretariat of the RCA Programme 6.2 RCA Focal Person (a) Coordinate all activities undertaken in the framework of the RCA Agreement (d) Provide assistance to RCARO to seek and obtain, financial support for the approved RCA projects

16. 4. Project Sustainability RCA has been focused on; RCA has been focused on; - Food & agricultural - Human Health - Environmental - Industrial applications of nuclear technologies Change of paradigm is desirable Change of paradigm is desirable

17. 4. RCARO Project Sustainability Additional challenge: Nuclear power-related projects (Nuclear Power Infrastructure) including radwaste management project and nuclear public information

18. RCARO Project Sustainability Increase Implementation Rate of RCA Currently, over 70% only Currently, over 70% only Lowest among other regional co-operative agreements Lowest among other regional co-operative agreements Study on the increase of RCA implementation rate would require Study on the increase of RCA implementation rate would require RCARO can undertake the study with experts from the regional and international organizations RCARO can undertake the study with experts from the regional and international organizations

19. RCARO Project Sustainability More enhanced use of RCA Information Networks Best use of RCARO website Best use of RCARO website Supplementary co-operation with Members Only homepage Supplementary co-operation with Members Only homepage Effective management of RCA National Homepages Effective management of RCA National Homepages Day-to-day Information Input from Member States Day-to-day Information Input from Member States

20. RCA Ministerial Meeting First mentioned in early 1990s by IAEA First mentioned in early 1990s by IAEA Reviewed by RCARO Reviewed by RCARO More concrete prospectus needs to be developed (e.g. Statement, Financial support) More concrete prospectus needs to be developed (e.g. Statement, Financial support) 2012 will mark 40 th Anniversary of RCA establishment 2012 will mark 40 th Anniversary of RCA establishment RCARO can play focal point for the Meeting when planned RCARO can play focal point for the Meeting when planned