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Published byElfreda French Modified over 8 years ago
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Grammar Parts of Speech
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Nouns A noun is the part of speech that names a person, place, thing or idea. person – girl, man, James place – school, forest, London thing – salt, cat, Revolutionary War idea – freedom, love, beauty
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Nouns Common vs. Proper A common noun is a general name for a person, place or thing. A proper noun names a specific person, place or thing. Proper nouns are capitalized. Beyonce Chicago
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Nouns Singular vs. Plural Singular nouns name one object. Plural nouns name more than one object. dog house foot mouse hero dogs houses feet mice heroes
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Pronouns Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns. They help us avoid the awkward repetition of nouns. I, we, me, him, her, his, it, you, they, us… Weird : Michael lost Michael’s watch at the gym. Not weird : Michael lost his watch at the gym. The noun that the pronoun replaces is known as its antecedent.
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Pronouns Pronouns refer to The person speaking (FIRST PERSON) I, me The person spoken to (SECOND PERSON) You The person, place or thing being spoken about (THIRD PERSON) He, she, it
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Pronoun Cases Subjective – the doer (subject) of the action I throw the ball. Objective – the receiver (object) of the action Throw the ball to me. Possessive – shows ownership My throw to third base won the game.
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Pronouns Singular vs. Plural
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Verbs A verb is a word that shows an action, condition, or the fact that something exists. An action verb tells what action someone or something is performing. Mia learned about winter sports. The dog runs across the road. A linking verb connects its subject with a noun, pronoun or adjective that identifies or describes the subject. The man is a famous hockey player. She seems like a nice girl.
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Verb Tense Verb tenses let us know when the action happens. Present Tense: I walk around my neighborhood. Past Tense: I walked around the block. Future Tense: I will walk to school tomorrow.
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Verb Tense in Sentences When writing, you need to stay in the SAME verb tense. Incorrect : I got home late and Mom yells at me for not calling to let her know where I will be. I got home = past tense Mom yells = present tense where I will be = future tense Correct : I got home late and Mom yelled at me for not calling to let her know where I had been. This sentence is now written in one tense. Which tense is it?
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Regular / Irregular Verbs Regular verbs have a certain pattern. Today I cook. Yesterday I cooked. I have cooked many times. I jump rope. I jumped rope last week. I have jumped rope many times. Irregular verbs do not always follow a pattern. You simply have to know them. The grass grows. Yesterday, the grass grew. It has grown a lot this week. I take the picture. I took the picture yesterday. I have taken a lot of pictures.
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Regular / Irregular Verbs Some irregular verbs sound the same, but do not follow the same pattern. sinksanksunk shrinkshrankshrunk thinkthoughtthought sing sangsung ringrangrung bringbroughtbrought
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Adjectives An adjective is a word that describes (or modifies ) a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives can tell us Which one – this, that What kind – red, large, dark, beautiful How many – eleven, several, many
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What am I? One word can be identified as different parts of speech depending on how it is used. I bought a can of paint. (NOUN) I painted the bathroom wall. (VERB) The house is painted. (ADJECTIVE)
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Adverbs An adverb is a word that describes (or modifies) a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs answer the questions Where?, When?, In what way?, and To what extent? Many, but not all, adverbs end in –ly. quickly, suddenly, quietly, carefully
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Prepositions A preposition is a word that shows how a noun or pronoun relates to another part of the sentence. in, on, by, with, to, for, toward, etc. Prepositions can show time, direction, location, cause or possession. Example: I am swimming toward the shark. (Bad idea.) I am swimming away from the shark. (Good call.) I am swimming inside the shark. (Bummer.)
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Prepositions in Sentences When writing, you should try to avoid ending a sentence with a preposition. Bad sentence : Notice the ease Carlos hits the ball with. Good sentence: Notice the ease with which Carlos hits the ball. Bad: I’m the one she’s sitting next to. Good: She is sitting next to me.
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Adverb or Preposition??? Words can be identified as different parts of speech depending upon how they are used. Example: Preposition: She went inside the house. Adverb: She went inside. * If an object accompanies the word, it is being used as a preposition.
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Conjunctions A conjunction is used to connect words or groups of words. and, but, or, yet, etc. Conjunction Junction
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Coordinating Conjunctions These are also known as “FANBOYS”. For And Nor But Or Yet So I want to go to the beach, but it is going to rain. Bob left early, so I left with him.
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Subordinating Conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions join two complete ideas by making one of the ideas subordinate to, or dependent upon, the other. We protect the wetlands because they are important to our ecosystem. As soon as the volunteers arrived, the cleanup work began. afteras long as since until althoughbefore than unless aseven though so that when
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