1. LATIN III/IV REVIEW FALL 2013

2. NOUNS--MICHAEL KILLS HIS FUSSY NEIGHBOR CASE Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Vocative USES & TRANSLATIONS Subject Possession (of, ‘s, s’) I.O. (to/for) D.O and some prep Prep phrases Direct address 2

3. VERBS (NOT INCLUDING SUBJUNCTIVE) 6 Tenses, 4 conjugations 1 st conjugation – āre 2 nd conjugation– ēre 3 rd conjugation – ere 4 th conjugation – īre Endings o/m, s, t, mus, tis, nt (except for perfect tense) Present Tense Going on now is, am, are, do, does No special letters 3

4. VERBS (CON’T) Imperfect Ongoing past (habitual, repeated, incomplete) -ba (-era for sum and possum) Was/were, used to, kept, began, -ed (for repeated actions) Perfect x-tra long SUV followed by its own set of endings Completed past Has/have, did, -ed -ī, -istī, -it, -imus. –istis, -ērunt Pluperfect X-tra long SUV followed by –era Completed before another past tense action had 4

5. LET’S PRACTICE—CHOOSE THE TRANSLATION  iusserasyou had ordered, you have ordered, you order, you were ordering  iecimuswe have thrown, we had thrown, we were throwing, we do throw  sperabathe hopes, he used to hope, he did hope, he had hoped  laboravitne?did she work? Was she working? Is she working?  spectamuswe had watched, we watch, we have watched, we kept watching  eramI am, I was, I have been, I had been 5

6. MORE PRACTICE—IDENTIFY THE TENSE 1.mittit 2.traho 3.fūgit 4.laudavimus 5.traxerant 6.laudabas 7.mittebam 8.fuit 9.spectamus 10.miseratis 11.fugit 12.eras 13.potueram 14.Dūxit 15.Dūcit 16.Facit 17.Fēcit 18.Venit 19.Vēnit 20.poteram 6

7. RELATIVE CLAUSES Remember that relative clauses are subordinate or dependent clauses. They cannot stand alone. They provide extra information about the “antecendent” The relative pronoun can be any case. **Nominative—qui, quae, quod/qui, quae, quae (who, which, that) Genitive—cuius, cuius, cuius/quorum, quarum, quorum (whose, of whom) **Dative—cui, cui, cui/quibus, quibus, quibus (to/for whom, which) **Accusative—quem, quam, quod/quos, quas, quos (whom, which, that) Ablative—quo, qua, quo/quibus, quibus, quibus (from, with, by whom, which) 7

8. RELATIVE CLAUSE EXAMPLES senex cuius villa ardebat magna voce clamabat. The old man whose house was burning, was shouting in a loud voice. duos servos emi, quorum alter Graecus, alter Aegyptius erat. I bought two slaves, one of whom was Greek, the other was Egyptian Mercator cui sellas heri vendidi hodie revenit. The merchant, to whom I sold the chairs yesterday, returned today. Cornelia, quae erat puella Romana, in Italia habitabat. Cornelia, who was a Roman girl, used to live in Italy. 8

9. PARTICIPLES –PART VERB, PART ADJ Present Active Same time as the m.v. Recognized by –ns, -nt Translated –ing Perfect Passive (remember : noun receives the action of the PPP) Completed before the main verb 4 th principal part Usually accompanied by ā/ab Translated “having been ed” Perfect Active (remember : noun performs the action of the PAP) Completed before main verb Translated “having ed” 9

10. PARTICIPLE PRACTICE—IDENTIFY AND TRANSLATE 1.servus, graviter a milite vulneratus, sub plaustro iacebat.  The servant, having been seriously wounded by the soldier, was lying under the wagon. 2.canis dominum intrantem vidit. The dog saw his master entering. 3.custodes, ad carcerem regressi, neminem ibi invenerunt.  The gaurds, having returned to the prison, found no one there. 4.Quintus regem, in media turba sedentem, agnovit.  Quintus recognized the king sitting in the middle of the crowd. 5.Vilbia, e taberna egressa, sorore statim quaesivit.  Vilbia, having departed from the store, immediately searched for her sister. 10

11. DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 11 PositiveComparativeSuperlative Lentus, -a, -umLentior, lentiusLentissimus, -a, -um Pulcher, pulchra, -rumPulchrior, pulchriusPulcherrimus, -a, -um Fortis, -is, -eFortior, fortiusFortissimus, -a, -um **Similis, -is, -eSimilior, similiusSimillimus, -a, -um basic translation-er, rather, too, more-est, very, most w/ quam = as as possible PositiveComparativeSuperlative LentēlentiusLentissimē PulchrēpulchriusPulcherrimē FortiterfortiusFortissimē **SimilitersimiliusSimillimē -lyrather, too, more -lyvery, most –ly w/ quam = as as possible

12. SUBJUNCTIVE VERBS Remember that the subjunctive can be translated in various ways, depending on the clause it’s in. It’s called the “wishing” mood. Imperfect 2 nd principal part (infinitive) with endings. Usually translated was/were –ing Occurs the same time as the main verb Pluperfect Perfect stem + isse + endings Usually translated “had” Occurs before the main verb 12

13. CLAUSES USING THE SUBJUNCTIVE Cum Cum = when (because, since) Indirect Question Introductory Question word like rogo, scio, nescio, volo, Interrogative word like cur, quis, quid, ubi, quo modo, quo Purpose ut Result Ut AND a “so” word like tam, tanta, tantus, tot, ita, sic, adeo Indirect Command Word of urging, commanding, persuading, asking, warning, praying, begging Moneo, rogo, persuadeo, oro, impero AND ut 13

14. EXAMPLES OF SUBJUNCTIVE SENTENCES 1.centurio mihi imperavit tacerem.  The centurion ordered me to be quiet. (IC) 2.tantus erat clamor ut nemo verba regis audiret.  The shouting was so great that no one heard the king’s words. (R) 3.coquus servis rogavit ut vinum in mensam ponerent.  The cook asked the slaves to place wine on the table. (IC) 4.custodes nos rogaverunt cur clamaremus.  The guards asked us why we were shouting. (IQ) 5.cum hospites cenam consumerent, fur cubiculum intravit.  When the guests were consuming dinner, the thief entered the bedroom (cum) 6.villam intravisti ut pecuniam nostram caperes.  You entered the house to steal our money. 14