1. EnvironmentScaffolds Stem Cells Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine

2. Sources of Stem Cells Embryonic Adult Tissues –Adipose tissue (adipose stem cell, ASC) –Bone marrow (hematopoietic stem cell, HSC) –Bone marrow (mesenchymal stem cell, MSC) –Liver (hepatic stem cell) –Nervous tissue (neural stem cell, NSC) –Pancreas

3. Ask yourself just one question: If you were the patient, what tissue would you want to have biopsied?

4. Adipose vs Bone Derived Adult Stem Cells Adipose tissue is a source of adult stem cells with phenotypic features similar to bone marrow stromal cells Adipose tissue is accessible in large quantities for the isolation of primary cells Adipose tissue is replenishable Adipose tissue is abundant

5. -3 human donors - 15 clones per donor - Cells expanded through 5 passages Ring Cloning ADAS Cells Are Multipotent

6. Differentiation Pathways for ASCs Adipocytes Chondrocyte Osteoblast Neuronal Hematopoietic support Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle

8. Clinical Applications (to date) Human –Craniofacial repair (trauma) –Ureterovaginal fistula repair (Crohn’s Disease) Veterinary –Tendonitis (VetStem) –Craniotomy repair (Stanford University)

9. Functional Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Effect of biomaterials on differentiation Effect of mechanical stimuli on differentiation Temporal/kinetic combination of cytokines and biomaterials on adult stem cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo

10. Stem Cell Biotechnology Adult stem cells as a therapeutic entity –Large scale production of adult stem cells (bioreactors) –Cell storage methodologies –Tissue engineering and regenerative approaches for traumatic defects –Targeted delivery of adult stem cells committed to specific differentiation pathway in patients with selected disorders –In situ recruitment of adult stem cells

11. Technology Challenges Meeting regulatory (FDA) expectations –Manufacture according to cGMP –Safe and effective –Contamination monitoring/Lot control Off the shelf product –Autologous vs allogeneic issues –Number of cells needed to effect repairs