1. Regenerative Medicine

2. Overview What is Regenerative medicine? What can it do? How does it work? How does it help? What are the drawbacks? The future

3. What is it? Creating living tissues Regenerating tissue Growing organs Replace irreparable organs No more transplants Patient cells Combination of biology/chemistry

4. What is it? Research into stem cells Why stem cells can develop into almost any tissue Self repair Imitation tissues and structures

5. Current Situation Palliative care Delaying progression Self healing Few real cures Ageing population

6. Situation Large demand Meagre supply Long waiting list

7. Illegal organ trade

8. Aims Solve donor shortage Eliminate rejection Stop organ trafficking Solve ethical issues Made to order Focused on systems with no regeneration

9. Yesterday 20 th century Bone, tissue Kidney 1954 Kidney, liver, heart 1960s Lungs and living donors 1980s

10. Today Skin Grafts Engineered Bladder Supplementary healing Bone, burns, tissue Trachea – no donor tissue

11. Today Engineered vascular Stem cells For any cells For same type

12. How does it work? Inspired by animal regeneration Stem cells accumulate at injury - Blastema

13. Regrowing

14. Regrowth in Humans Liver growth not original No regrowth in other areas 2 nd degree burns

15. Growing Organs Rat kidneys: Wash away cells to leave collagen Renal artery, ureter. Added rat stem cells Recoated with recipient’s cells Cells formed into a kidney.

16. Growing Human Organs

17. Human Organs

18. How does it help? Potential to save many and extend lifespan. Potential for cures over palliative care.

19. How does it help? Mesenchymal cells over embryonic cells Ageing Birth Defects

20. What are the drawbacks? Destruction of Blastocysts Long term effects unknown Stem cells can be rejected by a patient Stem cells are pre specialised

21. Ethical problems Stem cell research Alleviate suffering for majority Respect human life Is an embryo a person? If so, when? Religious debate

22. The future No donor problem Healing for now irreparable injuries Spinal, brain Fewer complications New pancreas Organ printing Cosmetic - Scarring