1. India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan

2. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Warm-Up Questions CPS Questions (1 - 2)

3. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Overview  The precolonial history of the Mughals in the Indian subcontinent  The encounter with Europe and the colonial period in the region  The history of the struggle for independence in South Asia

4. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Overview, cont.  What caused the partition and war between India and Pakistan  How Muslim-Hindu strife affects the politics and economics of South Asia  Which groups have struggled for control in Afghanistan and why

5. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Quick Write What approach should British India have taken to independence? Why? (Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS)

6. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 The Precolonial History of the Mughals in the Indian Subcontinent  Early 16th century, the Mughals invaded India  Dynasty lasted 200 years  Akbar (1556-1605): Notable Mughal Ruler  Conquered lands  Encouraged good relations with Hindus Melanie Stetson Freeman / © 2003 The Christian Science Monitor

7. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 The Precolonial History of the Mughals in the Indian Subcontinent, cont. The Precolonial History of the Mughals in the Indian Subcontinent, cont.  Mughals gave the arts room to flower  The Taj Mahal  Crowning achievement of Mughal architecture  20,000 laborers  22 years to complete Melanie Stetson Freeman / © 2003 The Christian Science Monitor

8. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 The Encounter With Europe and the Colonial Period in the Region  British East India Company  1619: Several trade hubs  British had three motives:  Trade  Maintain security  “Uplift” the Indian people  The Sepoy Rebellion (1857-1858) Andy Nelson / © 2006 The Christian Science Monitor

9. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 The History of the Struggle for Independence in South Asia  1885: the Indian National Congress launched  Gandhi: led Hindus along the path to the independent country of India  Jinnah: “Father of Pakistan” (Muslim-majority country carved out of British India) ©Dinodia Images/Alamy Images

10. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 What Caused the Partition and War Between India and Pakistan  The Congress Party and the Muslim League couldn’t come to terms  June 1947: the British Government said it would create two states  India  Pakistan Robert Harbison / © 2001 The Christian Science Monitor

11. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 What Caused the Partition and War Between India and Pakistan, cont.  On 15 August 1947 India became a dominion within the British Commonwealth  Hindus make up more than 80 percent of India’s 1.14 billion people  Pakistan’s Muslims are mostly Sunni, but its large Shia minority faces attacks

12. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 What Caused the Partition and War Between India and Pakistan, cont.  At independence, Pakistan was made up of two pieces of land—so-called West Pakistan and East Pakistan  Geographically, India stood between them  Civil disobedience broke out in the East  1971: the independent state of Bangladesh was born

13. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 How the Muslim-Hindu Strife Affects the Politics and Economics of South Asia  Impact of Cultural Identities  A social hierarchy that limits people’s economic potential: India’s caste system  Impact of Religion  Hindu-Muslim tensions worsened during the 1990s Andy Nelson / © 2006 The Christian Science Monitor

14. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 How the Muslim-Hindu Strife Affects the Politics and Economics of South Asia, cont.  India  Congress continues to rule  Economy - world’s 12th largest  Held back by lack of good infrastructure  Pakistan  Spent much of its history under military rule  Economic story is more troubled than India’s

15. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Which Groups Have Struggled for Control in Afghanistan and Why  Afghanistan - known as the crossroads of Central Asia  An Islamic country  Experts describe Afghanistan’s culture as an ethnic mosaic  Most of Afghanistan’s ethnic groups come from someplace else—legacy of centuries of invasion Robert Harbison / © 2002 The Christian Science Monitor

16. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Which Groups Have Struggled for Control in Afghanistan and Why, cont.  The Taliban are an Islamic fundamentalist militia that governed Afghanistan for several years  The Taliban introduced an extremely strict version of Islam  And they sheltered 9/11 mastermind Osama Bin Laden  US forces and allies began a military campaign against the Taliban

17. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Learning Check CPS Questions (3 - 4)

18. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Activity 1: India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan Review Answer the questions on your worksheet about South Asian geography and history

19. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Activity 2: Comparing Gandhi and Jinnah Create a Venn diagram to compare and contrast Gandhi and Jinnah

20. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Activity 3: The Legacies of Invasion in Afghanistan Write a short essay on what you think are legacies of centuries of invasion in Afghanistan, and explain why

21. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Technology Enrichment: Class Dismissed in Swat Valley Watch The New York Times video to explore additional information and take notes.

22. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Review  In the early sixteenth century, the Mughals invaded India  The British had three main motives in India: trade, maintain security, and to “uplift” the Indian people  Mohandas K. Gandhi would lead Hindus along the path to the independent country of India  Mohammad Ali Jinnah would be known as the “Father of Pakistan”  Afghanistan has been known as the crossroads of Central Asia

23. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Review Questions CPS Questions (5 - 6)

24. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Summary  The precolonial history of the Mughals in the Indian subcontinent  The encounter with Europe and the colonial period in the region  The history of the struggle for independence in South Asia

25. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Summary, cont.  What caused the partition and war between India and Pakistan  How Muslim-Hindu strife affects the politics and economics of South Asia  Which groups have struggled for control in Afghanistan and why

26. Chapter 2, Lesson 3 Next…  Done—India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan  Next—Environmental and Social Issues in Asia Mark Sappenfield / © 2007 The Christian Science Monitor