1. Which fundamental political principle means that the people are the source of any and all governmental power? Which political principle means that our government is not all- powerful and may only do the things the people have given it the power to do? Which fundamental political principle means that the government and those who govern are bound by the law? Which fundamental political system means a government where the people rule? Which fundamental political principle means that we elect public officeholders to make laws and run the government on our behalf? Which early American document guaranteed the rights of Englishmen to the colonists? Which early American document served as a model for the Bill of Rights? Which early American document stated grievances against the King of Great Britain? Which early American document declared the colonies’ independence from Great Britain? Which early American document affirmed certain inalienable rights like life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness? Which early American document established the idea that all people are equal under the law? Which early American document established the first written form of government for the independent states? Which early American document maintained that major powers resided with individual states? Which early American document created a weak central government and led to the writing of the U.S. Constitution? Which early American document first stated freedom of religious beliefs and ideas? Which early American document established the structure of the U.S. government?

2. Which early American document guaranteed equality under the law with majority rule and the rights of the minority protected? Which early American document affirmed the individual worth and dignity of all people? Which early American document protected the fundamental freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition? Where do we find a list of the reasons the Constitution was written – the six purposes of government? Which purpose of government means that our people are going to work together and be united as a nation? Which purpose of government means that we will have fair laws and have a fair plan of what to do when people disobey the law? Which purpose of government means that we will have peace here at home? Which purpose of government means that our government will defend us all from foreign enemies? Which purpose of government means our government will keep us safe, happy, and educated? Which purpose of government means that our government will protect our rights? What are the first three words of the U.S. Constitution? How many times has the U.S. Constitution been amended? Who proposes and who ratifies amendments to the U.S. Constitution? Who proposes and who ratifies amendments to the Virginia Constitution? Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution defines citizenship? What are the two means of obtaining U.S. citizenship?

3. What has made the U.S. such a diverse society? What must an immigrant do to become a U.S. citizen through the process of naturalization? List the five freedoms granted by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Which First Amendment freedom means that government may not establish nor interfere with religion? Which First Amendment freedom means that we have the right to express our beliefs and opinions? Which First Amendment freedom allows the press to gather and publish information even if it criticizes the government? Which First Amendment freedom means the right to gather together peacefully? Which First Amendment freedom means that we have the right to make our views known to public officials? Which amendment to the U.S. Constitutions extends due process rights to actions of the states? List the four civic duties of all U.S. citizens. What do citizens who choose to not fulfill their civic duties likely face? Is voting a responsibility or duty? What is the difference between a civic duty and a civic responsibility? What community organization seeks to encourage women to register and vote? Who recruits and nominates candidates to run for public office? Who educates the electorate, helps candidates win, and monitors actions of officeholders?

4. What are the similarities between political parties? Where along the political spectrum should a candidate focus to gain majority support? Where do we find the differences between candidates? What is a party platform? If third parties don’t win many elections, what is important about them? What are the four strategies for evaluating speeches, literature, and advertisements? What are the four roles of the media in elections? What are some negative consequences of the high cost of running a campaign? What is a PAC, and what does it do for candidates? Why did Congress write campaign finance laws, and what did they do? What are the requirements for voter registration in Virginia? List three ways or places to register to vote in Virginia. How many days prior to the general election is voter registration in Virginia closed? What are the three factors that predict which citizens will vote? What is the number one reason why citizens fail to vote? Which elections have the highest voter turn out…Presidential or State and Local?

5. What is the process by which we elect the President and the Vice President? The winner-take-all system of the Electoral College process leads to the targeting of what states by candidates? The number of electors each state gets in the Electoral College is based on what? The Electoral College system favors what type of party system? What is our nation’s legislative branch called? Name the two houses of the U.S. Congress, and how many people are in each? What term means a two house legislature? Which branch makes the laws? Which branch approves the budget and confirms nominations? Which branch raises revenue through taxes and regulates foreign and interstate trade? Which branch can officially declare war on another nation? Who heads the executive branch of the U.S.? Which branch of government enforces laws or sees that they are carried out> Which branch prepares the annual budget? Which branch appoints cabinet officers, ambassadors, and federal judges? Which branch administers the federal bureaucracy?

6. Who heads the judicial branch of government? What is the highest court in the U.S.? Which branch exercises the power of judicial review? Which branch tries court cases involving federal law and/or the Constitution? Where in the Constitution is Separation of Powers among three branches discussed? What do we call the things that each branch can do to limit the power of the other two? Which branch can override a veto? Which branch can impeach and convict the president or a federal judge? Which branch prepares the budget? Which branch can check Congress by proposing legislation to them and calling them back into special session? Which branch can veto legislation that Congress has passed? Which branch can declares acts of Congress and actions of the President to be unconstitutional? What do we call powers of Congress that are specifically listed in the U.S. Constitution? What do we call legislative powers that are not written down but are used to carry out the expressed powers? Name the five steps of a bill becoming a law. Who signs federal laws passed by Congress?

7. Why do our legislators write laws? What is the name of the annual speech where the President proposes legislation to Congress? Name the four ways the executive branch influences policy making. Which hat means the President is the ceremonial head of government – like greeting the Queen? Which hat is the President wearing when he is running the executive branch – like in a cabinet meeting? Which hat is the President wearing when he is proposing legislation like in the State of the Union? Which hat is the President wearing when he is the leader of the armed forces and orders a military attack? Which hat is the President wearing when he is the architect of foreign policy – like when he visited Cuba? Which hat is the President wearing when he helps another Democrat or Republican? Which hat is the President wearing when he represents us all – like speaking at a memorial service? What has happened to presidential power since the time the Constitution was ratified? Name the state legislative branch. Name the two houses of the Virginia General Assembly. Name the three leaders elected in Virginia to run the executive branch. How long is the term for the Virginia executive branch? What term means a division of power between a federal and state governments?

8. Which level of government is supreme? Powers not given to the federal government in the Constitution are said to be reserved for whom? Which level of government is primarily responsible for foreign policy, regulating commerce, and providing common defense? Which level of government is primarily responsible for promoting public health and safety and welfare? Tensions exist when federal mandates require state actions without adequate __________. Who prepares the two- year budget for the state of Virginia? Who approves the two-year state budget for Virginia? The Governor of Virginia exercises power granted to him by what document? Which hat is the Governor wearing when he is the ceremonial head of the state? Which hat is the Governor wearing when he asks the General Assembly to pass a particular bill? Which hat is the Governor wearing when he is running the state of Virginia? Which hat is the Governor wearing if he helps another Democrat campaign for public office? What hat is the Governor wearing if he requests and is given the National Guard to assist with a disaster? What do the cabinet, departments, agencies, commissions, and boards help the Governor do? What are the units of local government in Virginia? Who is the elected legislative body that writes ordinances and creates a budget for a county?

9. Who is the elected or appointed group that runs public schools in Virginia? Who is the elected legislative body that writes ordinances and creates the budget for towns and cities in Virginia? Who is elected to be the chief executive of a town or city? Who may be hired in Virginia towns, cities, and counties to help oversee the operations of local government? Name the other officers that the Virginia Constitution requires local governments to elect. All powers of local government in Virginia are given to them by the _________ and ________. What do you call a document that lists the powers that cities have? What term means a local law? Individuals have the greatest impact on the decisions made by leaders at what level of government? What are the three roles played by the media in setting public policy or the public agenda? How do government officials use the media? What term means seeking to influence legislators to introduce or vote for or against a bill? What are the ways that individuals can influence public policy? What are the three ways that interest groups influence public policy? List four times that local governments might be required to develop a policy in response to an international issue. Where does the U.S. Court system get its jurisdiction from?

10. From what document do the U.S. federal courts get their jurisdiction? What is the federal court of final appeal? Which federal courts have no jury…only justices? Which federal court has original jurisdiction and offers a trial by jury for federal criminal cases? Which federal court hears mostly appeals cases but does have limited original jurisdiction? Which federal court hears only appeals cases? Where does jurisdiction for the Virginia State Court System come from? What is the final court of appeal in the state of Virginia? Which Virginia court has mostly appellate jurisdiction but does have limited original jurisdiction? Which Virginia courts have no jury…only justices? Which court has original jurisdiction for state felonies and certain civil cases and offers a trial by jury? Which Virginia court hears misdemeanor and small civil cases? What state court hears cases involving children and family? What vocabulary term means the power of the Supreme Court to determine constitutionality of laws and acts? Which court case established the principle of judicial review? What document is the supreme law of the land?

11. To what must state law conform? What is the purpose of a criminal court case? What is the purpose of a civil court case? What do we call a serious crime? What do we call a minor crime? What do police officers need to have in order to make an arrest? An accused person goes to _______ or is released on ________. At what point of a criminal court case is probable cause reviewed, an attorney appointed if needed, and a plea entered? What can a defendant do if they are found guilty but feel they did not receive due process? In a court case, what is the person bringing the complaint or charges called? In a court case, what do we call the person that is being accused of wrong-doing? What vocabulary term means the constitutional protection against unfair governmental actions and laws? What are the two due process amendments? What amendment prohibits the national / federal government from acting in an unfair manner? What amendment prohibits the state government from acting in an unfair manner? What economic term means the inability to satisfy all wants and needs at the same time because resources and goods are limited?

12. What do we call the factors of production that are used in the creation of goods and services? What do we call resources that humans cannot create but are found in nature such as water, coal, and animals? What type of resource are people? What type of resources are money, tools, vehicles, computers, phones, etc.? What type of resource is a bright idea that leads to the creation of a good or service? Name the four resources used in the creation of goods and services. What do we call making a selection from a variety of possible alternatives? Why do we have to make economic choices? What do we call that which is given up when an economic choice is made? What do we call the amount of money exchanged for a good or service? What determines price in America? What do we call those things that incite or motivate a change in economic behavior? What do we call the amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase? What do we call the amount of a good or service that producers are willing and able to sell? What do we call the combining of resources to make goods or services? What do we call the using of goods and services?

13. What are the three basic economic questions that nations must answer? What type of economy is based on custom and historical precedent where people have same occupation as ancestors? List the six characteristics of a free market economy, and circle the one that does not apply to the U.S. What type of economy has central ownership and control of all property and resources with limited consumer choice? List the four characteristic of a mixed economy. What is the best word to describe the U.S. economy? What do we call earnings after all expenses have been paid? What do we call the rivalry between sellers of a good or service that usually results in better quality of goods and services at better price? What term means that consumers determine through their purchases what goods and services will be produced? In the U.S., are most decisions made in the public or private sector? What do we call a business that has one owner who takes all the risks and all the benefits? What do we call a form of business that has two or more owners who share the risks and benefits? What do we call a business that is authorized by law to act as a legal entity regardless of number of owners and liability = investment? What do we call a person who takes a risk to produce and sell gods and services in search of a profit? What role do individual and business savings and investment play in the economic flow? What role do individual households play in the economic flow?

14. What role do businesses play in the economic flow? What role does the government play in the economic flow? List the private financial institutions available for people to use. What do private financial institutions do? How do private financial institutions encourage people to save money? What term means the worldwide markets in which the buying and selling of goods and services takes place in all nations? Name the four reasons that states and nations trade. When Virginia and the U.S. specialize in the production of certain goods and services, what is promoted? How has technological innovations impacted the economy? List the three ways the government promotes competition in the marketplace. What does FCC stand for and what does it do? What does EPA stand for and what does it do? What does FTC stand for and what does it do? What are the characteristics of public goods and services provided by the government? How does the government pay for public goods and services? What do tax increases do to the amount of money individuals and businesses have to spend?

15. What do tax decreases due to the amount of funds individuals or businesses have to spend? What does increased government borrowing do to the amount of money individuals and businesses can borrow? What does decreased government borrowing do to the amount of money individuals and businesses can borrow? What can happen when the government increases spending? What can happen when the government decreases spending? What happens to taxes when the government increases spending? What happens to taxes when the government decreases spending? Which amendment authorized Congress to tax personal and individual incomes? What is the name of our nation’s bank? What are the four jobs of the Federal Reserve? What protects an individual’s right to private property? Consumers may take legal action against violation of what type of rights? Why is money accepted as an exchange for goods and services in the U.S.? Why is money needed? What are the forms or types of money in the U.S.? What is the first step of career planning?

16. Employers seek employees who demonstrate what type of behaviors? Higher skills and education generally lead to what? How would supply and demand influence the income of a job? Do employers want employees who have kept up with technology skills and education? How does technology create new jobs in the workplace? What has technology done in regard to international job market? List some characteristics of fiscal responsibility.