1. Go Team GECKO!!

3. A quick review of our principles

4. { Fundamental Political Principles fancy words for the ideas that our government is based on

5. Consent of the Governed People are the source of any and all governmental power not military power not the divine right of kings not just the wealthy people

6. Limited Government Government is not all powerful and may do only those things people have given it the power to do.

7. Rule of Law The government and those who govern are bound by the law.

8. Democracy In a democratic system of government the people rule.

9. Representative Government People elect public officeholders to make laws and conduct government on their behalf.

10. Declaration of Independence

12. Written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 ! Written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 ! States grievances against the King of Great Britain. States grievances against the King of Great Britain. Declared the Colonies’ independence from Great Britain !! Declared the Colonies’ independence from Great Britain !! Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence

13. Affirmed “certain, unalienable rights” Affirmed “certain, unalienable rights” Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness!!!!! Established the idea that Established the idea that all people were created all people were created equal under the law! equal under the law! Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence

14. What words are in the background???

16. Articles of Confederation

17. Confederation vs United States States are fully independent of the others **Think different colors States work as a team under the national government

18. Established the first form of national government for the independent states. Established the first form of national government for the independent states. Maintained that major powers resided with individual states. Maintained that major powers resided with individual states. Provided for a weak national government (no power to tax and enforce laws) Provided for a weak national government (no power to tax and enforce laws) Led to the writing of the Constitution. Led to the writing of the Constitution. The Articles of Confederation

20. The national government could not force the states to obey its laws. Congress lacked strong and steady leadership It did not have the power to tax It did not have the power to enforce laws There was no national army or navy There was no system of national courts WEAKNESSES of the National government under The Articles of Confederation

21. Declaration of Independence (4 things) Articles of Confederation (4 things) Both 2 things

22. Written by Thomas Jefferson States that people have unalienable rights Congress had no power to tax One of the founding documents of our nation Helped to form the first national government Powers were held with the states Established people are equal under the law Created weak central government Written in the 1770s Stated grievances against the King

23. Declaration of Independence (4 things) Written by Thomas Jefferson States that people have unalienable rights Stated grievances against the King Established people are equal under the law Articles of Confederation (4 things) Congress had no power to tax Helped to form the first national government Powers were held with the states Created weak central government Both 2 things Written in the 1770s One of the founding documents of our nation

24. US Constitution

25. Virginia Plan Congress based on population Congress based on population The Great Compromise New Jersey Plan Each state gets one vote. TWO HOUSES 1= Senate: two votes per state 2 = House of Reps: Number of votes based on state population Yes, I know this is A LOTTTT of writing. You need to write it ALL.

26. Legislature - the branch of Legislature - the branch ofgovernment having the power to make laws Bicameral – two houses Bicameral – two houses Terms to know

27. Federalists – Did not see a need to include a Bill of Rights to the Constitution. Anti-Federalists - Only supported the Constitution if a Bill of Rights would be included.

28.  Establishes the structure of the United States government.  Guarantees equality under the law with majority rule and the rights of the minority protected.  Affirms individual worth and dignity of all people.  Protects the fundamental freedoms of religion, press, assembly, and petition. What are the purposes of the US Constitution?  Really/super/VERY important…I would star ****

29. The Constitution of the United States of America is divided into ARTICLES

30. Article 1 – Legislative Branch Article 1 – Legislative Branch Article 2 – Executive Branch Article 2 – Executive Branch Article 3 – Judicial Branch Article 3 – Judicial Branch  “Let’s Eat Jello” (I will explain tomorrow if nobody can figure it out today) ARTICLES

31. Bill of Rights

32. The first 10 amendments are called the BILL OF RIGHTS. The first 10 amendments are called the BILL OF RIGHTS. There are 27 amendments total There are 27 amendments total

33.  In order for the US Constitution to be amended, first 2/3 of both houses or the states must propose a new amendment. Then, ¾ of both houses or the states must ratify the amendment. Uhhmm, it is REALLY difficult to change the Constitution. It can be done but think about it…only 17 amendments have been added since the Constitution was ratified. That is a lot of years and not a lot of changes.

34. An imaginary conversation… Student: “Mrs. Williams you are wrong. There are more than 17 amendments” Mrs. Williams: “Yes….so?” Student: “You said only 17 have been added to the Constitution! “ Mrs. Williams: “Hmmm…did I?” Another classmate: “Dude, she said since the Constitution was ratified, that means passed. In order to get the Constitution ratified the Bill of Rights had to be added.” Student: “Geez, ok calm down but still…that’s only 17 amendments!” Class chimes in together: “The Bill of Rights are the first 10 amendments. Plus the 17 that were added means there are 27 total.” Student: “Ohhhhhhh”

35. { OR In a picture….

36. Charlie Brown: Constitutional Convention Charlie Brown: Constitutional Convention Take out a piece of paper and take at least 8 notes. Charlie Brown: Constitutional Convention

37. The Preamble

38. We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence(defense), promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. The Preamble has 5 purposes!!!!

39. Preamble ~ a preliminary statement to a document that explains the purpose and sets the goals that will be served by the government. Preamble ~ a preliminary statement to a document that explains the purpose and sets the goals that will be served by the government. Preamble = Pregame Show The Preamble to the ConstitutionThe Preamble to the Constitution ** The Preamble to the Constitution

40. The preamble to the constitution begins with “We the people…” This establishes that the power of the government comes from the people !!! WE THE PEOPLE…

41. { The Constitution of the United States with the Bill of Rights 1.Establishes the structure of the United States government. Not in notes, do not copy

42. { 2. Guarantees equality under the law with majority rule and the rights of the minority protected. Not in notes, do not copy

43. { 3. Affirms individual worth and the dignity of all people. Not in notes, do not copy

44. { 4. Protects our fundamental freedoms. Not in notes, do not copy

45. Why Virginia is AWESOME:

46. Charters of the Virginia Company of London 1606-1612 These charters guaranteed the rights of Englishmen to the colonists. John Smith Leader of Jamestown Colony Ships at Jamestown The Jamestown Charter

47. The Virginia Declaration of Rights 1776 Served as a model for the Bill of Rights in the Constitution. George Mason “All men are by nature equally free and independent.”

48. Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom 1786 Freedom of religious beliefs and opinions Provided the model for the freedom of religion in the 1 st Amendment Thomas Jefferson Was a reaction against laws which tried to make taxpayers pay for churches

49. 1. What was the main goal in establishing the colonies? 2. Was the first year at Jamestown easy? 3. Were council members good leaders? 4. How much say did the colonists have in their government?

50. 1. Who was in charge of Virginia (at the beginning)? 2. How many branches did Virginia set up? 3. What were the rights the Virginia Declaration listed? 4. What happened if somebody didn’t attend church twice a day ?

51. How many constitutions has Virginia had? The current constitution has been in effect since when? What is the legislative branch called?

52.  Eat a good breakfast  Study nightly  Get missing work when absent  Check schoolfusion daily How to be successful in Civics

53. { Charters of the Virginia Company of London Virginia Declaration of Rights Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom The Declaration of Independence The Articles of Confederation Author Fundamental Principles or Guarantees Main Impact(s)

54. { Charters of the Virginia Company of London Virginia Declaration of Rights Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom The Declaration of Independence The Articles of Confederation Author Fundamental Principles or Guarantees Main Impact(s) King James I of England George Mason Thomas Jefferson The Continental Congress Guaranteed the colonists the rights of Englishmen Rights later contained in the Bill of Rights Unalienable Rights Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness Freedom of religion States hold more power than the federal government Provided a government for the Virginia Colony Was the model for the Bill of Rights Established a separation of church and state Declared the colonies independent Created a weak central government Led to the Constitution of the US

55.  Use as review These are not in note packet

56.  Weak national government  Congress couldn’t tax  No common currency  Each state only had one vote  Had only one branch (Legislative) ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

57.  National Government – Stronger  Checks and Balances – Established  3 Branches – Executive, Judicial & Legislative  Effectiveness of the Constitution – It worked!  Bill of Rights – First 10 amendments  Separation of Powers  Virginia Plan: THREE branches of government!  Legislative: Congress – Makes Laws  Executive: President – Enforces Laws  Judicial: Supreme Court – Interprets Laws US CONSTITUTION

58. Each branch can check the other two to avoid one branch becoming too powerful. (Separation of Powers) Checks and Balances

59. James Madison was the author. They are the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution. Bill of Rights