1. Similarities & Differences 1

2.  How were the governments established by the Articles of Confederation and the US Constitution similar and different?  If it is in RED KNOW IT! 2

3.  Incidents such as Shay’s Rebellion and the need to establish interstate trade laws led to a convention in Philadelphia in 1787  Originally, these men came together to REWRITE the Articles of Confederation.  After much debate, they ended up trashing the Articles and writing an entirely new document: OUR UNITED STATES COSTITUTION.

4.  Twelve states sent delegates to the Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia in 1787. Only Rhode Island refused to attend.  The 55 delegates to the Constitutional Convention became known as our Founding Fathers.

5.  Representative: a person elected to represent a group of citizens  Republic: a representative form of government  Federalism: a system of government that shares power between a central government and local governments 5

6. Articles of ConfederationUS Constitution  States’ power stronger than central power  Unicameral (one legislative body)  Central government did not have the power to tax  Central power stronger than states’ power  Bicameral (two legislative bodies)  Created a federal system where the central government is supreme 6

7.  Under the Virginia Plan, each state would have representatives in the legislature according to the population of that state. For example, heavily populated states, like Virginia, would have more representatives than small states like Connecticut.

8.  Small states didn’t like the idea of the bigger states having more of a voice in the government.  Under the New Jersey Plan, each state would have an EQUAL number of representatives in the legislature no matter how big or small the state.

9.  To keep both the big and small states happy, the delegates came up with a compromise.  The legislative branch would have 2 houses or be bicameral but representation would be different in each house.  The Senate would have 2 representative from each state  The House of Representatives would have representation based on state population.

10. House of Representatives: Representation determined by population-more people more reps Large states get more reps/power Senate- Each state gets 2 Senators Benefits small states

11. Legislative Branch Senate Equal Representation 2 Senators from each State House of Represent atives Representation Based on population

13.  Very Divisive issue  Southern States threaten ratification if Slavery is touched.  20 year moratorium on addressing Slavery Trade See article I Section 9  3/5ths Compromise- Slave populations will count for representation-5 slaves=3 people

14. http://www.quia.com/rr/540554.htmlhttp://www.quia.com/quiz/2038406.html

15. http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/teacher_lessons/3branches/3bgovt.htm

16.  Once the Constitution was written, it had to be ratified – or agreed to by the states.  Those people in favor of the Constitution were called FEDERALISTS.  Those people opposed to the Constitution were called ANTI-FEDERALISTS.

17.  Federalists were in favor of making the Central or Federal government stronger than the state governments.  Antifederalists were more in favor of stronger states rights

18. FederalistsAnti-federalists Supported removing some powers from the states and giving more powers to the National Government Wanted important political powers to remain with the states Favored dividing powers among different branches of government Wanted the Legislative Branch to have more power than the Executive Branch Proposed a single person to lead the Executive Branch Feared that a strong executive might become a king or a tyrant Believed a Bill of Rights needed to be added to the Constitution to protect people’s rights

19. 19

20.  Three well known politicians wrote The Federalist Papers and had them printed in New York newspapers.  The Federalist papers argued in favor of ratifying the Constitution. John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison wrote the Federalist Papers.

21.  James Madison drafted the Bill of Rights and they would Become the first ten Amendments to the Constitution!  In 1791 these rights became law. http://www.quia.com/pp/195650.html

22. 22

23. 23 1st Amendment Protects the people's right to practice religion, to speak freely, to assemble (meet), to address the government and of the press to publish. 2nd Amendment A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. 3rd Amendment Guarantees that the army cannot force homeowners to give them room and board. 4th Amendment Protects the people from the government improperly taking property, papers, or people, without a valid warrant based on probably cause (good reason). 5th Amendment Protects people from being held for committing a crime unless they are properly indicted, that they may not be tried twice for the same crime, and that you need not be forced to testify against yourself. It also contains due process guarantees.

24. 24 6th Amendment Guarantees a speedy trial, an impartial jury, and that the accused can confront witnesses against them, and that the accused must be allowed to have a lawyer. 7th Amendment Guarantees a jury trial in federal civil court cases. This type of case is normally no longer heard in federal court. 8th Amendment Guarantees that punishments will be fair, and not cruel, and that extraordinarily large fines will not be set. 9th Amendment Simply a statement that other rights aside from those listed may exist, and just because they are not listed doesn't mean they can be violated. 10th Amendment Says that any power not granted to the federal government belongs to the states.

25.  On a separate piece of paper, Create a Venn Diagram showing the similarities and differences between the Articles of Confederation & the US Constitution. Label each part of the diagram. 25