1. Slide # 1 Developmental Psychology

2. Slide # 2 Prenatal Development Development begins before birth Yolk sac, amniotic sac Placenta, umbilical cord

3. Slide # 3 The Fetal Stage Begins around the ninth week and continues until birth Normal gestation (270– 280 days) Weight gain, movement, viability

4. Slide # 4 Prenatal Detection Amniocentesis- diagnosing fetal abnormalities. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) Ultrasound imaging

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6. Slide # 6 3-D Imaging Using position sensors attached to a probe, the doctor conducts a freehand scan A computer takes this information and creates a 3-D image of the fetus

7. Slide # 7 Threats to Prenatal Development Poor maternal nutrition Spina bifida- neural tube disorder, spinal column does not completely close. Rubella- “German Measles”- can lead to mental retardation & heart disease. Down syndrome Smoking

8. Slide # 8 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) What can alcohol do to an unborn fetus?

9. Slide # 9 Artwork by FAS students

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11. Slide # 11 Other Features of FAS Difficulties with social interaction Epileptic seizures Changes in facial appearance and expression

12. Slide # 12 Sociological Problems Disrupted school experience Inappropriate sexual behavior Alcohol and drug problems Trouble with the law Difficulty caring for themselves and their kids Homelessness

13. Slide # 13 Maternal Drug Use Recreational drugs Born “hooked” (cocaine, heroin) Over-the-counter drugs

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15. Slide # 15 Should Pregnant Women Drink? 8.5 drinks per week at most One drink a day is probably OK FAS occurs mostly when the mother is an alcoholic Binge drinking a real concern

16. Slide # 16 The Best Advice Pregnant women should use the safest option—abstain from drinking during pregnancy

17. Slide # 17 Maternal Disease Genital herpes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)- 30% of pregnant women who carry AIDS will pass it on to their baby.

18. Slide # 18 The Birth Process Effacement- cervix (the neck of the uterus) begins to thin out, or shorten. Dilation- 10 centimeters Contractions- ain’t no joke!

19. Slide # 19 Delivery Clearing the airway Cutting the umbilical cord Measurements Identification APGAR

20. Slide # 20 APGAR Activity Pulse Grimace- “reflex irritability” Appearance Respiration

21. Slide # 21 Vernix

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23. Slide # 23 Premature Infants

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25. Slide # 25 Perceptual Development Newborn vision= 20/660; Adult= 20/20

26. Slide # 26 Sensory Abilities Facial recognition develops as early as one month old; depth perception develops at about six months “Visual cliff”- depth perception Newborns can hear many sounds Newborns also taste and smell

27. Slide # 27 Motor Development

28. Slide # 28 Prone, Lifts Head 1-2 months

29. Slide # 29 Prone, Chest Up, Arms Supported

30. Slide # 30 Rolls Over 2-5 months

31. Slide # 31 Bears Weight on Legs 3-7 months

32. Slide # 32 Sits Without Support 5-7 months

33. Slide # 33 Stands with Assistance 5-10 months

34. Slide # 34 Pulls Self to Stand 6-10 months

35. Slide # 35 Walks By Holding on to Furniture 7-13 months

36. Slide # 36 Stands Well Alone 10-14 months

37. Slide # 37 Walks Well Alone 11-14 months

38. Slide # 38 Walks Up Steps 14-22 months

39. Slide # 39 Temperament The characteristic moods of a child Types of temperament (happy, slow to warm up, difficult) Jerome Kagan

40. Slide # 40 Emotional Development Attachment: the close bonding between infant and caregiver The mother is primary Behaviorist ideas

41. Slide # 41 Separation Anxiety Emotional distance caused when infants are separated from their mothers Seems to peak between 14 and 18 months

42. Slide # 42 Why Do Infants Develop These Attachments?

43. Slide # 43 The Harlows Harry and Margaret Harlow’s studies using rhesus monkeys (1962) Substitute or surrogate mothers

44. Slide # 44 The Surrogate Mother The experiment: “contact comfort” The wire “mother” vs. the terrycloth “mother” The findings- “Contact Comfort”

45. Slide # 45 Other Theories/Ainsworth Mary Ainsworth- believed that attachment resulted from a complex interplay between mother and child.

46. Slide # 46 Day Care and Attachment Theory 53% of U.S. moms work outside the home Working instead of staying home with one’s child: Is it harmful to a child’s development? Day care and preschool