1. Ms. Bragman/Mrs. Herth Social Studies 8-1 October 4, 2012 Aim: How did minority groups overcome discrimination during the Civil Rights Movement? REMINDER Did you remember to… enter the room quietly write your hw into agenda book Open binder Copy down the Aim & Do Now REMINDER Did you remember to… enter the room quietly write your hw into agenda book Open binder Copy down the Aim & Do Now Do Now: Let’s analyze the following political cartoons. After analyzing each cartoon: 1.What message do you believe the artist is conveying about MLK’s work? 2.Do you agree or disagree? Why?

5. The Changing Nature of the American People 1896-Present

6. Reconstruction & Civil Rights Timeline +/- DateEvent+-

7. +/- 1.Positive Improvement 2.Strong Improvement 3.Very Strong Improvement 4.Extremely Important 5.Most Important 1.Negative 2.Harmful to C.R. 3.Very harmful to C.R. 4.Extremely Harmful 5.Most Harmful

8. Plessy v. Ferguson 1896

9. On June 7, 1892, a 30-year-old colored shoemaker named Homer Plessy was jailed for sitting in the "White" car of the East Louisiana Railroad. Plessy was only one-eighths black and seven-eighths white, but under Louisiana law, he was considered black and therefore required to sit in the "Colored" car. Plessy went to court and argued, in Homer Adolph Plessy v. The State of Louisiana, that the Separate Car Act violated the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution. The court found Plessy guilty of refusing to leave the white car. Plessy appealed to the Supreme Court of Louisiana, which upheld Ferguson's decision. In 1896, the Supreme Court of the United States heard Plessy's case and found him guilty once again. The Plessy decision set the precedent that "separate" facilities for blacks and whites were constitutional as long as they were "equal." The "separate but equal" doctrine was quickly extended to cover many areas of public life, such as restaurants, theaters, restrooms, and public schools. Separate but equal is constitutional

11. Segregated School West Memphis, Arkansas (1949)

13. Segregated school in White Plains, NY

14. NAACP Formed 1909

15. Jackie Robinson, 1947 In 1947, Jackie Robinson became the first African American to play major league baseball. Playing for the Brooklyn Dodgers and facing much anger from fans and players, he went on to be named Rookie of the Year.

17. President Truman Integrates the Military, 1948 While serving in World War II with great courage and valor, African Americans showed the nation that they were as capable as other soldiers. In recognition of their service, President Truman integrated the military in 1948.

20. Brown v. Board of Education, 1954

21. In December, l952, the United States Supreme Court had on its docket cases from Kansas, Delaware, the District of Columbia, South Carolina, and Virginia, all of which challenged the constitutionality of racial segregation in public schools. The Court had consolidated these five cases under one name, Oliver Brown et al. v. the Board of Education of Topeka. One of the justices later explained that the Court felt it was better to have representative cases from different parts of the country. They decided to put Brown first “so that the whole question would not smack of being a purely Southern one.”

22. Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 "To separate [elementary- and secondary- school children] from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone. We conclude that in the field of public education, the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." Chief Justice Earl Warren United States Supreme Court One of Brown’s NAACP attorneys was Thurgood Marshall, who later onwent on to become the first African American Supreme Court Justice

23. Integration Begins

24. Ruby Bridges In this painting, Norman Rockwell shows Ruby Bridges, the first black child to attend an all white school in New Orleans, being escorted by federal marshals.

25. Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955 Civil Disobedience After refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a crowded Alabama bus, Rosa Parks was arrested, fingerprinted, and sent to jail. As a result, Montgomery’s black leaders formed a new organization, the Montgomery Improvement Association, led by Martin Luther King. Despite the bombing of King’s home and the harassment of many others, the boycott proved successful. In 1956, almost a year after the boycott started, the Supreme Court ruled segregation on Alabama buses was unconstitutional.

26. The “ Little Rock Nine ” Integration of Central H.S. 1957

27. The “ Sit-Ins ” Begin Greensboro, NC February 1, 1960

28. The Freedom Rides (1961)

29. 1963: Freedom Riders in Alabama endure harsh abuse

30. “ I Have a Dream ” March on Washington August 28, 1963 In 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King led more than 200,000 civil rights supporters on a march in Washington. They wanted Congress to pass laws to end discrimination and help the poor. It was here that Dr. King proclaimed: “When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"

32. Assassination of John F. Kennedy November 22, 1963

33. Civil Rights Act of 1964 On July 2, 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

34. Voting Rights Act of 1965 August 6, 1965 After Dr. King led a march for voting rights from Selma to Montgomery in Alabama, President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

35. Schwerner, Goodman, and Chaney were killed in Mississippi on June 21, 1964. Their crime: Helping to register black voters

36. Assassination of Malcom X February 21, 1965

37. Violence in Our Cities 1964-1969 As a reaction to the forces of segregation, discrimination, and forced integration, America’s cities were boiling with pent up anger. This anger manifested itself in rioting, looting, and violence in over 50 American cities. The most violent riot took place in Watts, a neighborhood in Los Angeles. Over six days in August, 4,000 people were arrested, 34 were killed, and 1,000 were injured.

38. Watts Riots 1965

39. Newark Riots 1967

40. Detroit Riots 1967

41. Thurgood Marshall- 1 st African American Supreme Court Justice 1967

42. Bill Russell- First African American Head Coach of Major Sports Franchise, 1967

43. Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. - 1968

44. Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy- 1968

45. President Barack Obama January 20, 2009

46. Affirmative Action Affirmative action- a set of public policies and initiatives designed to help eliminate past and present discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin What do you think?