1. Ernest Hemingway 1899 - 1961 Nobel Laureate

2. Writing Style:  Critical Acclaim – Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954

3. Writing Style:  Journalistic – lean, simple, short sentences; hardly any adjectives, especially in dialog  Principle of the iceberg: 7/8 under for every 1/8 showing  Forces the reader to infer – to “read between the lines”  Also called “hard boiled” style

4. Writing Style:  Literary Techniques:  Flashback  Vivid Imagery  Unique Symbolism – modified archetypal symbolism to suit his purpose

5. Writing Style:  Unique Symbolism includes:  Light = warmth, security, order/balance  Wetness (bodies of water, rain, etc.) = evil, disaster, impending doom  Landscapes  Highlands = clear, clean, peaceful, orderly  Lowlands = evil, chaos, dirt

6. The Hemingway “Code”  A man can be destroyed but not necessarily defeated.  Man must face all life struggles with courage, intensity, honesty, and grace.  The reward is dignity.  Loss of hope and faith equals defeat.

7. The Hemingway “Code”  Concept of “nada” or “nothingness”  The outcome of life is death with no life after death.  The struggle is the only thing that matters.  Since we all “lose,” (death) the content of life is what matters.  The manner in which we face the struggle shows our character.

8. The Hemingway “Code”  Notable Characters: are all “manly men” who act “naturally” as nature intended  Bullfighters  Boxers (NOT stereotypical American type)  Soldiers  Hunters  Fishermen

9. Hemingway’s “Hero” Archetypes  Tutor: (Father, Mentor, Wise Man)  “Manly man” who teaches the “code”  Respects opponent (man vs. man, nature, himself)  Simple and confident  Expert at his trade  Always calm

10. Hemingway’s “Hero” Archetypes  Tyro (learner, novice, neophyte, student)  Student of the “code”  Confused  Wounded mentally/physically  Insomniac  Often resembles Hemingway  Fears “nada” / “nothingness”

11. Hemingway’s “Hero” Archetypes  Female Characters: Usually fairly uncomplicated stereotypes  Overly dominant shrew  Greedy  Unkind and unloving, esp. toward the Tyro  Sarcastic and opinionated  Promiscuous – enjoys “wounding” Tyro

12. Hemingway’s “Hero” Archetypes  Female Characters: Usually fairly uncomplicated stereotypes  Overly submissive “confection”  Desires to live a “lovely life”  Beautiful/desirable  Accommodating  May be in need of “rescuing”

13. Bibliography "A Farewell to Arms." SparkNotes. 2009. Barnes and Noble. 10 Mar 2009. Crawfurd, Jacob. "Hemingway in Africa." The Crawfurd.dk Homepage. 2009. 10 Mar 2009. "Ernest Hemingway: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954." Nobelprize.org. 2009. The Nobel Foundation. 10 Mar 2009. "Farewell to Arms." Truveo. 2008. Truveo, Inc.. 10 Mar 2009. Vega, David. "Understanding Hemingway's Style." authorStream. Oct 2008. South Western High School. 10 Mar 2009.