1. Unit: 6 Africa STYLE of ART This symbol indicates that there is a video on KHAN Academy This symbol indicates that there is a video on You Tube, Smart History or Kenney Mencher This symbol indicates that there is an article on KHAN Academy This symbol indicates What the style of the art is.

2. Africa Before 1800

3. Enduring Understanding 6-1. Human life, which is understood to have begun in Africa, developed over millions of years and radiated beyond the continent of Africa. The earliest African art dates to 77,000 years ago. While interpretation of this art is conjectural at best, the clarity and strength of design and expression in the work is obvious. 6-2. Human beliefs and interactions in Africa are instigated by the arts. African arts are active; they motivate behavior, contain and express belief, and validate social organization and human relations. 6-3. Use and efficacy are central to the art of Africa. African arts, though often characterized, collected, and exhibited as figural sculptures and masks, are by nature meant to be performed rather than simply viewed. African arts are often described in terms of the contexts and functions with which they appear to be associated. 6-4. Outsiders have often characterized, collected, and exhibited African arts as primitive, ethnographic, anonymous, and static, when in reality Africa’s interaction with the rest of the world led to dynamic intellectual and artistic traditions that sustain hundreds of cultures and almost as many languages, contributing dramatically to the corpus of human expression. African life and arts have been deeply affected by ongoing, cosmopolitan patterns of interaction with populations around the world and through time.

4. IMAGE 167: Conical tower and circular wall of Great Zimbabwe Medium: coursed granite blocks Artist/Culture: Shona peoples Date: c. 1400 C.E. 11th-15th century AFRICA- Shona

5. IMAGE 168: Great Mosque at Djenne Medium: architecture (adobe) Artist/Culture: Mali Date: founded 13tn Century, rebuilt 1906 – 1907 AFRICA- Mali

6. IMAGE 169: Wall plaque, Oba's Palace (accompanied by photograph of context) Medium: image cast in brass Artist/Culture: Benin, Edo, Nigeria Date: c. 16th/17th century AFRICA- Benin

7. IMAGE 170: Sika Dwa Kofi (Golden Stool) Medium: gold over wood, gold cast attachments Artist/Culture: Ashanti people of south central Ghana Date: c. 1700 AFRICA- Ashanti

8. IMAGE 171: Kuba ndop portrait sculpture of Kot a Ntshey (accompanied by photograph of context) Medium: wood and fiber, beads, metal Artist/Culture: unknown artists of SE Democratic Republic of the Congo Date: c. 1700 AFRICA- Kuba

9. IMAGE 172: Nkisi Nkondi, Medicine/Divination figure Medium: wood, metal, fiber Artist/Culture: unknown artist; Kongo Peoples, Boma, Democratic Republic of the Congo Date: c. 1878 late 19th century AFRICA- Kongo

10. IMAGE 173: Pwo Mask Medium: wood, fiber, pigment, metal Artist/Culture: unknown artist, Chokwe, Democratic Republic of the Congo Date: 20th century AFRICA- Chokwe

11. IMAGE 174: Mblo portrait mask (accompanied by photograph of context) Medium: wood, metal, pigment Artist/Culture: Baule, Kami, lvory Coast Date: 20th century AFRICA- Ivory Coast

12. IMAGE 175: Bundu mask (accompanied by photograph of context) Medium: wood, cloth and fiber Artist/Culture: unknown artist; Sande women's initiation society members, Kanema Village, Mende and related peoples of the West African forests of Sierra Leone and Liberia Date: 19th century AFRICA- Mende

13. IMAGE 176: Shrine Figure (Ikenga). Ibgo peoples, Nigeria. c. 19 th to 20 th century C.E. Wood AFRICA- Ibgo

14. IMAGE 177: Lukasa memory board (accompanied by photograph of context) Medium: wood, shells, beads, metal Artist/Culture: unknown artist, Mbudye Society, Luba, Democratic Republic of the Congo Date: 20th century AFRICA- Lukasa

15. IMAGE 178: R: Kuosi (Elephant Mask) Society Costume, Bamileke people KUOSI (ELEPHANT MASK) SOCIETY COSTUME, Fabric, fur, hair, beads, ivory, feathers, twine AFRICA- Bamileke

16. IMAGE 179: Reliquary Figure (byrei), reliquary figure Medium: wood, resin Artist/Culture: Fang, Ngumba group, southern Cameroon Date: c. 1800 Philadelphia Museum of Art AFRICA- Fang

17. IMAGE 180: Veranda Post of Enthroned King and Senior Wife (Opo Ogoga) Opo ile, veranda post Medium: wood and pigment Artist/Culture: Olowe of lse for Aafin Ogoga; Yoruba, lkere, Nigeria Date: c. 1910, photographed in 1938 AFRICA- Olowe