1. 24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C Mitigation Training Module
Environmental Planning Division
Office of Environment and Energy
The guidance contained in this training module is designed to aid HUD grantees with a framework of information and steps regarding mitigation principles and analysis based on key questions. It will provide an analytical foundation and structure that leads toward determining if mitigation is required after a case study analysis.
This training module provides guidance about barrier design and mitigation. It identifies the data points and explains the analytic guidelines for a proposed HUD-assisted project focusing on HUD standards for blast overpressure and thermal radiation produced by stationary hazards covered under 24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C.
Only a licensed professional (civil or structural engineer) should design and oversee the construction of mitigation barriers.
Throughout the training module, each slide has notes to guide the instructor. You do not have to be an engineer or a scientist to benefit from this training. To make this training practical, case studies have been added, where the information from the training has been applied toward the resolution of the problem presented.

2. Training Outline Introduction Limitations/applications
Terms and Definitions
Mitigation
Principles
Analysis
Options
Designing barriers
Questions?
The training outline consists of the following;
Introduction – Purpose and background based on the Code of Federal Regulation 24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C.
Limitations/applications – Activities, i.e circumstances where the guidance contained in this training module and federal regulation 24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C will not apply. There is an area within this section that specifies the activities where the guidance contained in this training module and the Regulation apply.
Terms and Definitions – Specific and clear descriptions of all terms used to develop this training module.
Mitigation:
Principles – Answers to why and when mitigation is required.
Analysis - Site analysis questions to determine if mitigation is necessary.
Options – Available options when the Acceptable Separation Distance cannot be met.
Designing barriers - Purpose and entity who will design and implement the mitigation barrier.
Questions

3. Introduction
Purpose
To provide quality data and analytic guidelines for designing and building the required protection against hazards covered under 24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C
Purpose - This training module serves as a mitigation guidance, to provide more clarity and understanding to the information already being published at the HUD hazards guidebook, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and other HUD departmental policy memoranda.
To help those:
Who must comply with 24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C,
That need to gain an understanding about mitigation,
That need the required information to perform a proposed HUD-assisted project site analysis in compliance with the Regulation
That want to improve their knowledge about the various stationary containers that apply to the Regulation.

4. Background on 24 CFR Part 51Subpart C
24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C covers technical requirements for determining Acceptable Separation Distances (ASD) from HUD- assisted projects in close proximity to stationary hazardous operations that have above ground storage stationary containers of more than 100 gallon capacity containing substances of explosive or flammable nature
Background – The guidance contained in this training module follows the regulation under 24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C for the determination of ASD’s in close proximity to stationary hazardous operations that have above ground stationary containers of more than 100 gallon capacity containing substances of explosive or flammable nature.
24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C establishes the HUD standards which are used for calculating Acceptable Separation Distances (ASD) for HUD-assisted projects from specific, stationary hazardous operations which store or process chemicals or petrochemical products of an explosive or flammable nature.
A partial list of fuels (petrochemical products) can be found in Appendix I of the Regulation and the Guidebook – Siting of HUD – Assisted Projects Near Hazardous Facilities.
The list it is not all inclusive. However, it should be noted that the hazardous liquids and gases listed, and to which the regulations apply, are used mostly for domestic and industrial purposes.

5. The guidance contained in this training module can be applied to the following activities:
HUD-assisted projects as defined at 24 CFR
The guidance contained in this training module can be applied to HUD- assisted projects as defined at 24 CFR These are projects that require HUD funding assistance for project development, construction, rehabilitation, modernization or conversion with HUD subsidy, grant assistance, loan, loan guarantee, or mortgage insurance which is intended for residential, institutional, recreational, commercial or industrial use.
For purposes of this subpart the terms “rehabilitation” and “modernization” refer only to such repairs and renovation of a building or buildings as will result in an increased number of people being exposed to hazardous operations by increasing residential densities, converting the type of use of a building to habitation, or making a vacant building habitable.

6. Who will benefit from the guidance contained in this training module?
Planners
Developers
Engineers
HUD field and headquarters staff
HUD grantees
Users that will benefit from the guidance contained in this training module, as follow;
Planners
Developers, Consultants
Engineers
HUD field and headquarters staff
HUD grantees

7. HUD Standards

8. Standards There are two standards:
Thermal radiation and blast overpressure:
Thermal Radiation:
Buildings - 10,000 BTU/Ft.sq Hr
People – 450 BTU/Ft. sq Hr.
Blast Overpressure:
Buildings PSI
To protect buildings and housing units, the Department of HUD established the thermal radiation standard of 10,000 BTU/ft^2-hr. It is recommended to locate HUD-assisted projects to the Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD) where the thermal radiation flux will not exceed 10,000 BTU/ft^2-hr for protection of housing and building units.
To protect people in the outside areas, open spaces, like parks, recreation areas, where people congregate, the Department established the thermal radiation standard of 450 BTU/ft^2-hr. It is recommended to locate HUD-assisted projects to the ASD where the thermal radiation flux will not exceed 450BTU/ft^2-hr for protection of people in outside congregation areas.
Blast over pressure can produce harm to people or destroy buildings if this pressure is higher than 0.5 psi. For proposed HUD-assisted project sites, where there are stored hazards that can cause blast over pressures, it is recommended to locate HUD-assisted projects to the ASD where this pressure is not higher than 0.5 psi.

9. Hazard Identification System used in Industry The NFPA diamond
Matter exists in various physical states, it can be as liquid, solid or gas. Flammable substances are those liquids, gases and solids that will ignite and continue to burn in air if expose to an ignition source.
The NFPA diamond (slide 10) is nationally, the mostly used hazard identification system in industry.
The NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) identification system is mostly related to stationary and transport of containers to insure the safety for the handlers and users of chemicals or substances being stored, manufactured or processed.
In the NFPA diamond, there are 4 areas to show the characteristics for the identification of hazards for a given substance. The areas are shown with a colored background and alphanumeric nomenclature to describe the characteristic for a given substance. These characteristics are as follow:
Red – Fire
Blue – Health
Yellow – Reactivity
White – Special Hazard
Flammability is the characteristic of concern following HUD standards for blast over pressure (pressure waves from substances stored under pressure) and thermal radiation (heat).

10. Example of a Hazard Identification System used in Industry
Red
Under 24 CFR Part 51, Subpart C, the NFPA identification system applies only for stationary hazards. The NFPA diamond identifies flammable property by the color red. The numerical classifications follow;
0 = Will not burn
1 – Must be preheated for ignition; flashpoint above 200°F (93°C)
2 – Must be moderately heated for ignition, flashpoint above 100°F (38°C)
3 – Ignition may occur under most ambient conditions, flashpoint below 100°F (38°C)
4 – Extremely flammable and will readily disperse through air under standard conditions, flashpoint below 73°F (23°C)
The NFPA diamond
Symbol established by NFPA for identification of hazardous substances in industry.

11. Examples of Hazardous Operations
Petrochemical plant
Mitigation is applied to HUD-assisted projects from specific stationary, hazardous operations which store, manage, or process materials of an explosive or flammable nature.
These hazardous operations are examples where materials of an explosive or flammable nature are stored, processed, or managed.
Bulk fuel storage and distribution facility
Propane gas storage and distribution point

12. Limitations
24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C nor the guidance contained this training module apply to the following:
High pressure natural gas transmission pipelines or liquid petroleum pipelines
Natural gas holders with floating tops
Mobile tanks en route
Underground storage tanks
Stationary containers of 100 gallons or less capacity
Double wall tank interstitial space for Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD) calculation
Interstitial spacing not equal to “diked” area
Neither 24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C nor the guidance contained in this training module will apply to the above.
Note: There may be confusion about double wall containers. Only secondary containment with a dike at the perimeter should be considered for the ASD calculation. Double wall containers designed with interstitial space cannot be considered equal to “diked” containers or having secondary containment.
Interstitial space is the space between the inner tank outer wall and the secondary wall provided for secondary containment.
For ASD calculations, double wall tanks are considered without a dike, and calculations must follow as tanks without secondary containment or without a dike area.

13. Limitations: Where the HUD Standards and Mitigation do not apply
3. Mobile tanks en route
1. High Pressure
Pipelines
4. Double wall tank
Interstitial space for
ASD calculation
The examples shown here illustrate the limitations of the guidance contained in this training module as well as in the regulation 24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C.
High pressure pipelines.
Underground storage tanks.
Mobile tanks en route.
Double wall tanks (secondary containment does not count for Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD) calculation).
Natural gas holders with floating tops.
2. Underground
Storage Tanks
5. Natural gas holders
With Floating Tops

14. Applications
24 CFR Part 51Subpart C and the guidance contained in this training module do apply to the following:
HUD-assisted projects in close proximity to stationary hazardous operations that have above ground stationary containers of more than 100 gallon capacity containing substances of explosive or flammable nature
The regulation 24CFR Part 51 Subpart C and the guidance contained in this training module apply only to HUD-assisted projects in close proximity to stationary hazardous operations that have above ground stationary containers of more than 100 gallon capacity containing substances of explosive or flammable nature

15. Terms and Definitions Mitigation Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD)
Is the scientific process for implementing the required level of protection to a HUD-assisted project site from stationary hazardous operations which store, handle or process materials of explosive or flammable nature.
Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD)
Is the distance from a hazard, to where a HUD-assisted project can be located.
The following terms and definitions are essential to this training module:
Mitigation – Is the scientific process for implementing the required level of protection to a HUD-assisted project site from stationary hazardous operations which store, handle or process materials of explosive or flammable nature.
Note: It should be clarified that this level of protection can be either designed and implemented (as a designed barrier) or it can be existent, naturally, (mountains, hills) or man made (elevated buildings or housing developments) barriers.
Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD) – Is the distance under 24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C from a hazardous operation, to where a HUD-assisted project can be located.

16. Distance What is the ASD? Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD) ASD
As the slide progresses, shown are a housing unit and a stationary hazard (in this case is a tank (container) - blue circle.
The first arrow (bottom) illustrates the available distance between the hazard and the housing unit. The second arrow (top) illustrates the calculated distance after the ASD analysis has been accomplished.
Both distances are measured from the hazard’s center area to the housing unit perimeter area.
Distance
HUD-assisted
project
Stationary aboveground
storage tank

17. Thermal Heat Flux Combustion
Is the amount of heat being radiated from a source. Heat wave generated from combustion.
Combustion
Is a complex sequence of chemical reactions between the mixture of oxygen, a fuel source and an ignition source resulting in the production of heat and light in the form of a glow or flames.
Thermal Heat Flux – Is the amount of heat being radiated from a source. Heat wave generated from combustion.
Combustion – To generate combustion, the following reactives must interject into a series of reactions:
Oxygen
A fuel source
An ignition source
The products of the reactions will result in the generation of heat and light in the form of glow (incandescence) or flames.

18. Bleve
Is the type of explosion that occur when a vessel containing a pressurized liquid is ruptured.
Bleve – A bleve can occur in a vessel that stores a substance that is usually a gas at atmospheric pressure but is a liquid when pressurized (for example, liquefied petroleum gas). The substance will be stored partly in liquid form, with a gaseous vapor above the liquid filling the remainder of the container.
If the vessel is ruptured — for example, due to corrosion, or failure under pressure — the vapor portion may rapidly leak, dropping the pressure inside the container and releasing a wave of overpressure from the point of rupture. This sudden drop in pressure inside the container causes violent boiling of the liquid, which rapidly liberates large amounts of vapor in the process.
The pressure of this vapor can be extremely high, causing a second, much more significant wave of overpressure (i.e., an explosion) which may completely destroy the storage vessel and project it as shrapnel over the surrounding area.
A bleve does not require a flammable substance to occur, and therefore is not usually considered a type of chemical explosion. When the liquid is water, the explosion is usually called a steam explosion.
However, if the substance involved is flammable, it is likely that the resulting cloud of the substance will ignite after the bleve proper has occurred, forming a fireball and possibly a fuel-air explosion.

19. Fire Suppression Systems
Is liquid or gas fire extinguishing media distribution system, designed to provide fire protection
Diked area
Is the area between the container(s), outside wall and the dike. The dike area provides containment if there is container rupture, causing a spill.
Dike
A dike is a continuous wall (built out of soil, asphalt, steel or concrete), constructed as a defense or as a boundary. Built for the purpose of empoldering, or as a boundary for an inundation area.
Fire Suppression Systems – Is liquid or gas fire extinguishing media distribution system, designed to provide fire protection. Examples of the various media compounds used by industry to extinguish fire are as follow;
Halon gas
Aqueous Film Forming Foam
High Expansion Foam
Diked area – Is the area between the container (s), outside wall and the dike. The dike area provides containment if there is container rupture causing a spill.
Dike – A dike is a continuous wall surrounding the outer perimeter of tanks containing liquids. The dike completes the containment within the diked area and serves as the diked area perimeter. The combination between the diked area and the dike provide spill protection.

20. Tanks with Dikes
The diked area provides spill protection on the tanks shown below
24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C can be applied for Acceptable Separation Distance
(ASD) calculations for above ground storage tanks using dikes
Tank
Dike
24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C can be applied for ASD calculation procedures for above ground storage tanks using dikes.

21. Tanks without Dikes
The interstitial space (space between the walls) provides spill
protection system on the tank shown below
24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C can not be applied for ASD calculation for
SCAT tanks (SCAT – Self Contained Above Ground Tank)
Self contained
Above ground
Storage tank-
“No dike in this
Tank”
Here is a picture of a tank with a interstitial spill protection system (no dike in this tank).
In a self contained, above ground storage tank (SCAT), there are two external walls. Looking towards the outside of the tank, the first wall has the purpose of containing the product of the tank. The second wall serves for spill prevention to the outside of the tank if the first wall ruptures. The space between the first wall and the second wall (interstitial space) serves as containment of the tank’s product if there is a rupture in the tank’s internal wall.
Note: (ASD calculation procedures) Double wall tanks are considered tanks without a dike, and calculations must follow as tanks without a dike area.

22. Container
A structure (words used on subject matter are vessel, container, tank, and enclosure) built to contain material in liquid, gas or solid state of matter, that could be designed to be stationary or for transport purposes.
Container – Is an structure built and designed to contain. If this structure contains a product under pressure, it is called a vessel, for liquid or solid products, it is called a tank or an enclosure.
Note : Commercially, containers used to hold liquids, solids and gases, all are recognized as tanks. Technically speaking, containers that hold solids and liquids, are recognized as tanks or enclosures, for gases, as vessels.

23. Examples of Containers
1. Bulk fuel (liquid) storage and distribution facility
Fuel is stored in above ground storage tanks
2. Propane gas storage and distribution point
Propane gas is stored in above ground
storage vessels
The examples shown here illustrate some of the types of containers used in industry to store liquids and gases and the correct way to name them when the product being stored is a liquid or a gas.

24. Blast Overpressure
(also known as peak positive incident pressure) exerted pressure from a compressed liquid inside a container after an incident occurs that prompt a liquid-gas unbalanced reaction and the container explodes with high energy.
Peak positive incident pressure (is the same as, or another way to express blast overpressure) – This is what happens inside a container when there is liquid-gas unbalanced reaction and the container explodes with high energy.

25. Mitigation Principles
If the Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD) has been MET
Mitigation is not Required
Once the ASD analysis is completed, and the ASD has been met, No mitigation is required.

26. If the Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD) has Not been MET
Mitigation is Required
If the ASD has not been met after the ASD analysis, mitigation is required.

27. To protect buildings and people
When the Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD) cannot be met between the specific stationary hazardous operation to the proposed project site
Applies only for HUD-assisted projects in close proximity to stationary hazardous operations that have above ground stationary storage containers of more than 100 gallon capacity containing substances of explosive or flammable nature
Why is mitigation required? – To protect buildings and people of HUD- assisted projects (whether the project is intended for residential, recreational, institutional or commercial use).
When is mitigation required? – When the required ASD cannot be met.
If the ASD is achievable, mitigation is not required

28. Mitigation Analysis
The best mitigation is based on site analysis, using the following 10 questions;
1. Has the Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD) been calculated?
If yes, and the ASD meets the standard requirement-no further action is required
If yes, and the ASD standard has not been met, mitigation may be required
If no – calculate ASD
Has the ASD been calculated? - If the ASD has been calculated, there is an analysis and decision to be made based on the calculated distance as follows;
If the ASD meets the standard requirement – no further action required
.If the ASD does not meet the standard requirement – mitigation might be required
If the ASD has not been calculated:
Calculate the ASD
The ASD is the first step towards mitigation analysis for HUD-assisted projects near hazardous operations that store, handle or process materials of an explosive or fire prone nature.

29. 2. Where do you get technical assistance towards the Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD) determination?
Technical assistance is available from
HUD hazards guidebook,
HUD field environmental staff
Where do you get technical assistance towards the ASD determination? - Guidance documentation and assistance for ASD calculations can be found at the HUD hazards guidebook (Siting of HUD – Assisted Projects Near Hazardous Facilities) or in 24 CFR Part 51, Subpart C.
Guidance documents and technical assistance are accessible through the HUD field environmental staff (Regional Environmental Officers and Field Environmental Officers).

30. Where to find the HUD Hazard Guidebook-ASD Determination Procedures
The HUD hazards guidebook is accessible through the HUD-Community Planning and Development (CPD) internet site. It can also be available through the Regional Environmental Officers (REOs), Field Environmental Officers (FEOs) or HUD Headquarters.
Electronic copies are located in the following Uniform Resource Locator (URL) :
Hardcopies of the hazard guidebook are available through the Regional Environmental Officers (REOs), Field Environmental Officers (FEOs) or HUD Headquarters.

31. 3. What are the properties of the substances stored at the site deemed hazardous?
Substances in general are classified as liquids, solids or gases
If the substances have flammable or blast overpressure properties and are in stationary aboveground containers, a hazardous analysis is required for the proposed HUD-assisted project site
Regarding the hazards to be considered towards the proposed analysis; What are the properties of the substances being stored at the site deemed hazardous? – The physical state of matter of existent substances are in liquid, gas or solid form. Gases are stored under pressure, liquids are incompressible and take the form of the storage container in question. Solids are incompressible and have a solid structure.
For Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD) determination and mitigation hazard analysis of a proposed HUD-assisted project site, only liquids and gases with flammable and blast overpressure properties are considered. Pressurized containers with flammable or non-flammable substances, if ruptured, can cause steam gas explosions or fire explosions.
For products (substances) stored under pressure, two results are possible:
Blast overpressure or pressure wave
A fireball accompanied by a pressure wave (blast overpressure).

32. 4. Are/or containers diked/undiked ?
If containers are diked:
The Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD) calculation will not change by the diked area on pressurized containers (flammable or nonflammable substances).
The ASD will be of a smaller numerical value for diked containers vs undiked containers storing flammable liquids.
If containers are undiked:
The ASD will be of a larger numerical value for undiked containers vs. diked containers storing flammable liquids
Are/or containers diked/undiked?
If containers are diked:
The ASD calculation will not change by the diked area on pressurized containers (flammable or non-flammable substances) - Gases occupy the volume of containers. If they leak, the gas portion escapes to the atmosphere while the liquid portion boils and turns into vapor. The diked area is not involved in the analysis because is never used.
The ASD will be of a smaller numerical value for diked containers vs undiked containers storing flammable liquids – The diked area defines the fire width, limiting the flames and heat dispersion and extension.
If containers are undiked:
The ASD will be of a larger numerical value for undiked containers vs diked containers storing flammable liquids - The diked area defines the fire width as a controlled fire. Without the dike area, the fire will have no boundaries or a controlled perimeter.
Containers with a flammable liquid product, if ignited, are ruled under the same thermal radiation flux standards as flammable substances under pressure.

33. 5. What roles does topography have in influencing Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD) calculations?
If the ASD is not achievable, between the site to be developed and the hazard operation/facility, and there is not a clear line of sight between the proposed HUD-assisted project site and the hazard operation, mitigation may not be required.
If the ASD is not achievable between the site to be developed and the hazard operation/facility and there is a clear line of sight between the proposed HUD-assisted project site and the hazard operation, mitigation is required.
How is the topography in the area, especially between the hazard in question and the site being analyzed?– Topography is an important consideration for ASD analysis.
If the ASD is not achievable, between the site to be developed and the hazard operation/facility and there is not a clear line of sight between the proposed HUD-assisted project site and the hazard operation, mitigation is not required. If standing from the proposed HUD-assisted project site you cannot see the site deemed hazardous and the ASD is not achievable, then, mitigation may not be required. Under the regulation 24 CFR Part 51 Subpart C, if there is natural or man made abatement in between the proposed HUD-assisted project site and the studied hazard site, impeding a clear view from the HUD-assisted project site to the hazard site, the abatement might serve as mitigation for the proposed HUD-assisted project.
Note : Not having a clear line of sight between the proposed HUD-assisted project site and the hazard operation/facility does not takes away mitigation requirements from the proposed HUD-assisted project site analysis. If it has been determined that mitigation is not required using the above mentioned analysis, the natural or man made abatement is required to be further analyzed to make sure it will provide an acceptable level of protection for the proposed HUD-assisted project site. Only a licensed professional (civil or structural engineer) should analyze and confirm the design and implementation of mitigation barriers, based on the hazard site being analyzed. For these type of analysis, please contact Headquarters.
If the ASD is not achievable between the site to be developed and the hazard operation/facility and there is a clear line of sight between the proposed HUD-assisted project site and the hazard operation, mitigation is required. If standing from the proposed HUD-assisted project site you can see the site deemed hazardous and the ASD is not achievable, then, mitigation is required.

34. 6. Any man-made or natural barriers in between the hazard operation/facility and the proposed HUD-assisted project site?
If the answer is yes, man-made and natural barriers are defined as follow:
Man-made barriers are buildings, housing developments and other structures.
Natural barriers are hills, mountains, earthen elevations, etc
If the answer is no, there are mitigation options to be considered other than designing a barrier
Man made or natural barriers may serve as abatement from thermal heat flux or blast overpressure effects that can impact HUD-assisted projects and the people that will live in the respective projects.
If there are no man-made or natural barriers between the hazard operation/facility and the proposed HUD-assisted project site and the Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD) is not achievable, there are mitigation options described in this training module to achieve hazard abatement and compliance with HUD standards.

35. 7. Where can I get maps or other geographic based information?
Sources of information: Maps and related site (topographic) information are available from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), City or County engineer’s or planning office
Where can I obtain site maps and related information for the proposed HUD-assisted project site?
Sources of information:
Topographic maps can be obtained through the United States Geological Survey, City or County engineer or planning office.
Photos, aerial views, site plans of the area to be analyzed are equally useful.

36. Sources of information:
Free of cost (web based) for general public use, available electronic sources of information for proposed site analysis, including the usage of digitized topographic maps, are as follows;
Yahoo Maps
Google Earth
Microsoft Map products
HUD does not endorse any of the referenced electronic sources of information
Free, web based sources of information for general public use include digital topographic maps are;
Yahoo
Google Earth
Microsoft Map Products.
HUD does not endorse any of the referenced electronic sources of information.

37. Electronic Source of Information Example
GOOGLE EARTH
For FREE aerial maps (can calculate distances)
This is a free download – so simply do the following:
As an example of an electronic source of information for analyzing a proposed HUD-assisted project site is Google Earth.
Google Earth can provide an aerial view of mostly any location in the United States if the address of the site is provided.
Google Earth provides site contours, at is, elevations, for a better site analysis. Google Earth also provides a ruler to measure distances within the site in question.
Then click “Download”

38. Example of a Site View using Google Earth’s Digitized Maps
Site view using digitized maps. In this example, the digitized site map was obtained from Google Earth.
In the example above, the ruler function (Google Earth) is being used to show the distance between the center of the storage tank to the proposed HUD-assisted project site perimeter.

39. 8. Types of geographic based information
Types of information:
Scaled maps with site contours (topographic maps) - are highly recommended for the analysis of proposed HUD-assisted project sites.
Site maps – similar in content to the scaled maps, but without detailed scales or site contours, are recommended as an initial type of geographic based information for analysis of proposed HUD-assisted project sites
Site photos – provide actual images of the facilities near proposed HUD-assisted project sites. Recommended to be used with scaled and site maps for the analysis of proposed HUD-assisted project sites
Where can I obtain types of geographic based information for the proposed HUD project site? –
Types of information:
Scaled maps with site contours-are recommended for the analysis of proposed HUD-assisted project sites. These maps make it easier to determine the existence of natural or man made barriers and to perform an analysis of these barriers with reference to the location of the facility storing hazardous or explosive hazards.
Site maps-provide geographic site information for recognizance and analysis of the various facilities near proposed HUD assisted project sites. These maps do not include scales in detail or site contours as the scaled maps do.
Proposed HUD-assisted site photos-provide actual images of the facilities near proposed HUD-assisted project sites. Recommended to be used with scaled and site maps for the analysis of proposed HUD-assisted project sites.

40. Examples of Types of Geographic based Information:
1. Project
site
photo
Examples (for illustrative purposes) of types of geographic based information:
1. Project site photo
2. Project layout schematic
3. Project location map
3. Project
location
map
2. Project layout schematic

41. Examples of Geographic based Information that can be gathered from a Site Visit
This slide illustrates the different clues that can be gathered by scheduling a visit to the facility to be assessed and contacting the facility site manager.

42. 9. If the facility storing these hazards will not release subject information, where can I go for information?
Fire Department
Local Emergency Planning Committee Database
If the facility will not release information, where do I get it ? - Since , companies, facilities and operators storing chemicals of flammable or explosive nature may be reluctant to release information about facility operations. Alternative information sources include:
The local fire department – The local fire department can provide information about facilities and operations.
The Local Emergency Planning Committee Database - The governor of each state has designated a State Emergency Response Commission Contact (SERC), whose responsibility is to implement the Emergency Planning Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA) provisions within their State. The SERC supervises and coordinates the activities of the Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) for each district, establishes procedures for receiving and processing public requests for information collected under EPCRA, and reviews local emergency response plans. The local LEPC database for public use can be found at the following internet address:

43. 10. Fire suppression systems:
Can they modify or change the analysis to obtain Acceptable Separation Distances (ASDs)?
No (not at this time)
Are they an alternative to ASDs?
Neither the Regulation nor the HUD hazards guidebook consider the use of fire suppression systems for modification or change the analysis to obtain ASDs or as an alternative to ASDs
There is no relationship between our current Regulation and mitigation effects of fire suppression systems at facilities handling, storing or processing substances of flammable or explosive prone nature.

44. What have you learned? Terms and definitions Types of information
Sources of information
Specific information needed about operations at assessed facilities
Site specific data for proposed HUD-assisted project sites
Information on how to evaluate natural or man made barriers between the facility been assessed and the proposed HUD-assisted project site
So far, up to this point of this training module, you have learned to accomplish the following:
Definitions required to understand the guidance contained in this training module
Types and sources of information for the analysis of the proposed HUD-assisted project site
How to collect information from the proposed HUD-assisted project site and from the specific, stationary hazardous operation.
How to gather site data for the proposed HUD-assisted project site, plus data from the specific stationary, hazardous operation which store, manage or process materials of an explosive or flammable nature.
How to accomplish site analysis - Went over the 10 question, mitigation analysis for better understanding of the scenario involving the proposed site for the HUD-assisted project.

45. Now What?

46. If you cannot achieve the ASD, What are the options?

47. Mitigation Options Burying the hazard
Modifying the building design to compensate for the Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD)
Choose another site
Design and implement a barrier
What options are available if the ASD cannot be met? –
Options, other than designing a barrier for mitigation purposes, are as follow:
Bury the hazard – A less expensive alternative to building a mitigation barrier.
Modifying the building design to compensate for the ASD – The building design can be compensated by using heat retardant and high tensile strength materials in the direction where the hazard is located at, to compensate for the ASD. Buildings could be re-arranged for protection of the occupants from dangerous thermal heat or blast over pressure levels, i.e. like a horseshoe and augmenting the building structure towards the direction of the location of the stationary hazardous facility with the required material to provide a designed, acceptable level of protection.
Choose another site.
Lastly, you can resort to a barrier.

48. Designing Barriers How does a barrier work/what does it do?
A barrier works as abatement for thermal heat flux and blast overpressure and provides protection to HUD-assisted projects when the Acceptable Separation Distance (ASD) has not been met

49. Who should design a barrier?
Only a licensed professional (civil or structural engineer) should design and oversee the construction of mitigation barriers

50. Questions?