1. METALS TEMA 5

2. METALS CAN BE USED IN INDUSTRIES…

3. 1.1. THE PROPERTIES OF METALS HARD NON ADHESIVE COLD AND SMOOTH SHINY

4. PROPERTIES - PHYSICAL PROPERTIES - CHEMICAL PROPERTIES - ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

5. ✕ PHYSICAL PROPERTIES a) STRONG: they can resist forces and don´t become deformed easily.

6. b) DUCTIL AND MALLEABLE Can be made into wire or into sheets

7. c) TOUGH:metals don´t break easily

8. d) PLASTIC AND ELASTIC: some metals can be bend and return to its original shape.

9. e) ELECTRICAL, THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC CONDUCTIVITY: metals are good conductors of electricity, heat and sound

10. f) MAGNETIC: magnets attract some metals

11. g) FUSIBLE: can be welded to other metallic objects.

12. h) EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION When the temperature rises, they expand, and when it falls, they contract.

13. ✕ CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OXIDATION: metals react with oxygen in water and air.

14. ✕ ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES a)RECYCLABLE AND REUSABLE They can be processed to be used again.

15. b) TOXIC: some metals present a danger to human beings and the environment

16. 1.2.WHERE AND HOW METALS ARE OBTAINED

17. WHERE ARE METALS OBTAINED? UNDERGROUND MINING SURFACE MINING

18. HOW ARE METALS OBTAINED? To extract the mineral from the rock we use… EXCAVATOR EXPLOSIVES DRILL

19. The minerals are separated into ORE and GANGUE ORE GANGUE

20. The metal is extracted from the ore in an ironworks through physical and chemical processes ORE METAL PHISICAL PROCESSES CHEMICAL PROCESSES

21. 1.3. CLASSIFICATION OF METALS FERROUS (CONTAINING IRON) NON-FERROUS

22. a) FERROUS (CONTAINING IRON) COMMON INEXPENSIVE NEED PROCESSING TO PRODUCE PURE IRON USED TO MAKE ALLOYS

23. WHAT IS AN ALLOY? MIXTURE OF TWO OR MORE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS. PRIMARY ELEMENT IS A METAL METAL!!!

24. WHAT IS AN IRON ALLOY? MIXTURE OF IRON CARBON

25. WHAT IS AN IRON ALLOY? PURE IRON (CARBON 0,0008%- 0,03%) STEEL (CARBON 0,03%-1,76%) CAST IRON (CARBON 1,76%-6,67%)

26. WHAT IS AN IRON ALLOY? PURE IRON (CARBON 0,0008%-0,03%) GOOD MAGNETIC PROPERTIES CORRODES EASILY MELTS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES DIFFICULT TO MACHINE USES:ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

27. WHAT IS AN IRON ALLOY? CAST IRON (CARBON 1,76%-6,67%) HARD AND RESISTANT

28. WHAT IS AN IRON ALLOY? STEEL (CARBON 0,03%-1,76%) VERY HARD AND STRONG

29. b) NON FERROUS ULTRALIGHT LIGHT HEAVY

30. LIGHT AND ULTRALIGHT METALS TITANIUM MAGNESIUM ALUMINUM

31. HEAVY METALS LEAD TIN ZINC COPPER

32. -Page 69 -Exercises 1, 4, 5, 6

33. 2. SHAPING TECHNIQUES 2.1.SHAPING 2.2.POWDER METALLURGY 2.3.CASTING

34. 2.1.SHAPING Shaping techniques are used to modify the shape of the unprocessed metal (i.e. bending, extrusion, punching or rolling). Extrusion Punching Rolling

35. 2.2.POWDER METALLURGY The process has five stages: 1.-GROUND INTO POWER 2.-PRESSED IN STEEL DIES 3.-HEATED TO A TEMPERATURE 4.-PREASSURE 5.-LEFT TO COOL

36. 2.3.CASTING 1. THE METAL IS HEATED TO MELTING POINT 2.-LIQUID METAL POURED INTO THE MOULD 3.-THE MOULD AND METAL ARE LEFT TO COOL 4.-THE SOLIDIFIED PIECE IS EXTRACTED

37. -Page 71 -Exercises 15, 20

38. 3. CUTTING, JOINING AND FINISHING TECHNIQUES 1.-MARKING 2.-CUTTING 3.-DRILLING 4.-SHAPING/TURNING 5.-ROUGH FINISHING 6.-PERMANENT JOINTS 7.-JOINTS( PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY) 8.-FINISHES

39. 3.1. MARKING

40. tools SCRIBERS (punta de trazar) COMPASS ODD-LEG CALLIPERS (compás de trazar)

41. 3.2. CUTTING

42. tools METAL CUTTERS OR SHEARS GUILLOTINEHACKSAW PUNCH PRESS (troqueladora)

43. Power tools CIRCULAR SAW (sierra circular) ANGLE GRINDER (amoladora o radial)

44. 3.3. DRILLING

45. tools AWL DRILL DRILL BITS

46. 3.4. SHAPING/TURNING Turns the metal to the required shape

47. tools CHISEL (cincel) LATHE (torno)

48. 3.5. ROUGH FINISHING To remove excess material from an object

49. tools FILE SCRAPER (espátula)

50. Power tools SANDER GRINDER (amoladora, esmeriladora)

51. 3.6. PERMANENT JOINTS It´s impossible to separate the pieces without damaging them or breaking the joint

52. RIVETER (remachadora) ADHESIVEWELDING PRESS FIT JOINT

53. 3.7. TEMPORARY JOINTS Can be joined or separated again without breaking the joint

54. NUT AND BOLTS SCREW

55. 3.8. FINISHES It is used for removing imperfections, polishing or protecting metals from water and corrosion

56. GRINDING (esmerilado) POLISHING (pulidora) COATING (revestimiento)