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2. ANTALYA MURATPAŞA VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTER A STEP TO GREEN WORLD- DEVELOPING A CIRRUCULUM ON RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES 2

3. Today's energy production technologies, largely based on the use of solid fuels (coal etc.) and petroleum-based resources. These technologies are not only harmful to the environment, but also they are seen as consumption-based technologies due to the use of the resources that are exhaustible. 3

4. Fossil-based energy sources, according to the today's consumption levels and quantities of existing resources, will be exhausted within the next hundred years. 4

5. The possible solution to this problem is the use of renewable energy sources which are also called alternative energy sources. 5

6. Especially since the oil crisis in the 1970s, a large increase is observed in the usage and in the research activities of these energy sources as an energy source. 6

7. The energy gained from the renewable energy sources is expected to answer %50 of the total energy consumption of the world, even in 2050. 7

8. Renewable energy sources; 8

9. Solar energy 9

10. Wind power energy 10

11. Geothermal energy 11

12. Biomass energy 12

13. Hydro energy 13

14. Tidal and wave power energy sources 14

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16. Beam of rays from the sun causes warming in the Earth's atmosphere.While the density of heated air is decreasing, air starts to rising and then cold air replaces the heated air’s place. 16

17. With the combination of this air flow and the rotation of the planet composes air movements which include a large amount of kinetic energy. This air movements are called wind. 17

18. Wind energy is the kinetic energy of the air in motion.. A portion of this energy can be converted to useful mechanical or electrical energy. 18

19. In 2020, the world energy consumption is being forecasted as a 25 900 TWh at a total. The wind power potential of the Earth's surface is being calculated as 53 000 TWh and this calculation exactly indicates the importance of wind power. 19

20. Today, however, experienced technical problems, 20% ( maximum) of the consumed energy can be produced from the wind power and transfered to the electric network. In the future, this percentage is thought to be between % 20 and 50%. 20

21. The wind power potential of the Earth 21

22. Wind energy potential of the European continent 22

23. England, Scotland, Ireland, Norway, and Sweden, almost all; 23

24. France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany and close regions to coastal areas of Denmark; 24

25. Spain's Mediterranean coast and the mountainous region of the Pyrenees; 25

26. The region between the Touloso ( situated West of the Gulf of Lyon in France) and Lyon 26

27. Coastal cities of Greece and the whole island of Crete; 27

28. Western coasts of Turkey can be considered as the main areas in where strong winds seen. 28

29. Wind Energy Potential of Some European Countries Country Area >3m/sn The blowing are of the wind (Km2) The appropriate area for the establishment of wind farm(Km2) Wind Technical Potential (TWh/Year) Established Power (TWh/Year) Turkey78000041800099601660,652 England24400017100068401141,460 Spain5050002000005160865,527 France5470002160005080851,628 Italy3010001940004160691,770 Denmark43000 1720291,140 Germany357000390001400248,120 29

30. Beginning to benefit from the power of the wind is based on the very ancient period. The sailing ships and windmills can be shown as the first form of using wind power. 30

31. Later on, grinding grain, pumping water, cutting wood etc. were the acts done with the wind power energy. At the present day it is highly used to produce electricity. 31

32. Wind turbines are mounted on a high tower to capture the majority of the wind power energy. 32

33. Wind turbines capture the wind energy with the help of the rotating blades. For a rotor, mostly two or three blade are mounted on a shaft. 33

34. When the wind blows, a low pressure air package consists of at the lower end of the wing. This is called lifting. Then the low pressure air package pulls the top of wing to itself. This is called drift. 34

35.  Lifting and drift are both caused the rotor to spin like a propeller. Thus, rotation of the rotor occurs. When the rotor spins, the shaft spins as well. In this way, the rotor transfers its mechanical, rotational energy to the shaft, which enters an electrical generator on the other end and electricity is produced. 35

36. In general, a wind turbine consists of the following crucial parts such as towers, generator, speed converters (gear box), electrical and electronic components and a propeller. 36

37. The kinetic energy of the wind is converted into Mechanical energy by rotor. Mechanical energy is transferred to the generator placed on the hub by speeding up the movement of rotor shaft. The electrical energy gained from the generator is stored into by means of batteries or directly delivered to the users. 37

38. Wind turbines are used alone or with a photovoltaic system. 38

39. These systems are used for practical puposes such as electricity production, battery charging, grinding grain or pumping up. 39

40. In order to convert wind energy into electricity, a large number of wind turbines are built close to each other. Thus, wind farms are created. 40

41. In the wind farms, large modern wind turbines generate the electricity which is going to be used. 41

42. 42 Small wind turbines are used to supply the electricity for the remote towns or small farm houses.

43. According to research, it is stated that; if the currently policies continue, 60,000 MW of installed power in 2010 will be reached to 180,000 MW installed capacity in 2020. 43

44. If the importance of environmental concerns is increased with the energy policies, electricty production will reach to 470,000 MW in 2020. Also, in 2050, it is estimated that 50% of the world's energy needs will be met from wind power. 44

45. Advantages: The land beneath can usually still be used for farming.  Wind farms can be tourist attractions.  A good method of supplying energy to remote areas.  A clean source of energy.  Inexhaustible source (as long as sun, earth and atmosphere exist), 45

46. Installation and operation of wind fams are easier than the other facilities, Wind is free, wind farms need no fuel. 46

47. Increases the reliability, It is regional and therefore people can produce their own electricity. 47

48. Disadvantages : The wind is not always predictable - some days have no wind In many areas, the winds strength is too low to support a wind turbine or wind farm, Wind turbines cover a large area, 48

49. The noise pollution from commercial wind turbines is sometimes similar to a small jet engine. Wind turbines generally produce less electricity than the average fossil fuelled power station. 49

50. Wind turbine construction can be very expensive and costly to surrounding wildlife during the build process. It is not possible to recycle the composite parts passed expiry date back to the nature. Comparing to the other types of energy production facilities they have more dynamic parts, so the operational risks are more. 50

51. Wind turbine is the system which firstly converts kinetic energy in the wind to mechanical energy and then converts into electrical energy. 51

52. Instead of the current power plants, some researchers and companies design new wind energy systems. The most notably designs are the followings; 52

53. 1. Solar updraft tower. The solar updraft tower is a renewable energy power plant. It combines the chimney effect, the greenhouse effect and the wind tribune. 53

54. 54 Air is heated by sunshine and contained in a very large greenhouse like structure around the base of a tall chimney, and the resulting convection causes air to rise up the updraft tower. This airflow drives turbinues, which produce electricity

55. 2. Flying Electric Generators A new system is designed by Sky WindPower company. This system weights 495 kg. and rises up to 9145 meters. 55

56. This system’s shape likes alphabet letter H. The rolling blades on the frame of this system produces electricity power. With the help of aliminium cable the produced electricty can be transferred down to the ground. 56

57. Flying Electric Generators 57

58. 3. Magenn Air Rotor System (MARS) MARS is a lighter-than-air tethered wind turbine that rotates about a horizontal axis in response to wind, generating electrical energy 58

59. This electrical energy is transferred down the tether for consumption, or to a set of batteries or the power grid. Helium sustains the Magenn Air Rotor System, which ascends to an altitude as selected by the operator for the best winds. 59

60. Magenn Air Rotor System (MARS) 60

61. 4. Wind lens turbines Kyushu University professor Yuji Ohya’s design was unveiled at Yokohama Renewable Energy International Exhibition 2010. 61

62. 62 This design is being able to increase energy output "two or three fold", as well as being about to reduce the dreaded noise pollution so often associated with wind turbines, and improve safety too.

63. Wind lens turbines 63

64. 5-Aerogenerator Aerogenerator vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is designed by Windpower is 144 meters high, and would generate up to 9 megawatts of wind powered electricity. 64

65. Aerogenerator 65

66. 6. Vibro-Wind The Vibro-Wind Research Group,, is working on an efficient, low-cost method of converting vibrations from wind energy to electricity. Much the way solar panels now grace many rooftops, the researchers envision buildings outfitted with vibro-wind panels, which would store the energy they convert from even the gentlest of breezes. 66

67. Vibro-Wind 67

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