1. Bell Work 4/12/16

2. Good Morning and Happy Tuesday! 1. Grab your notebook from the shelf. 2. Complete the following for 4/12: – How does water play an important role in your daily life? 3. If you were absent yesterday, please see Mrs. Armstrong for the travel collage guidelines and set up a time to make up the Quarter 4 pretest.

3. Objective We will… Know: background information on our author, some African tribes, and the Sudanese Civil Wars (1 and 2). Understand: a different culture and way of looking at life. Do: take notes on the Sudanese history, tribes, and our author.

4. Today Turn to your class work/notes section and be prepared to take notes.

5. The Second Sudanese Civil War, the Nuer Tribe, Dinka Tribe, and Linda Sue Park

6. The First Sudanese Civil War The first civil war, from 1955 to 1972, was between the Sudanese government and southern rebels who demanded greater autonomy (self government) for southern Sudan. The war ended with the 1972 Addis Ababa Agreement, which granted significant regional autonomy to southern Sudan on internal issues.

7. The Second Sudanese Civil War The second civil war erupted in 1983 due to longstanding issues heightened by then President Jaafar Nimeiri’s decision to introduce Sharia law (or Islamic law). Negotiations between the government and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army, or SPLM/A of southern Sudan took place in 1988 and 1989, but were abandoned when General Omar al-Bashir took power in the 1989 military coup. Bashir remains president of Sudan today.

8. The Second Sudanese Civil War Fighting over resources and the role of religion in the state raged between the Sudanese government and the SPLM/A for over two decades. The war left two and a half million people dead and four million people displaced. International mediators, led by the Inter- Governmental Authority on Development, or IGAD, and supported by intense U.S. diplomacy, helped broker peace between the Sudanese government and the SPLM/A in 2005.

9. The Second Sudanese Civil War In January 2005 the National Congress Party, or NCP, and Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army, or SPLM/A, signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, or CPA. The CPA established a six-year Interim Period, when a number of rules were to be implemented to test a unified Sudan and to ensure there was peace in the country During the Interim Period, southern Sudan enjoyed a high degree of autonomy within a united Sudan. At the conclusion of the Interim Period, the people of southern Sudan voted in a referendum determining whether southern Sudan would secede from Sudan.

10. The Second Sudanese Civil War In April 2010, Sudan held elections However, instead of encouraging power sharing between the NCP and the SPLM/A, the elections further divided them and there was evidence of fraud on both sides. Ultimately, the people of southern Sudan voted for their independence in the Southern Sudan Referendum on January 9, 2011. Six months later, on July 9, 2011, the six-year Interim Period came to an end and South Sudan became the world’s newest country.

11. Our Tribes The DinkaThe Nuer

12. The Dinka Live in Southern Sudan Many are relocating due to the affects of the previous civil wars Have been in conflict with the government, main rebels Rely primarily on cattle- huge cultural piece Lacked formal education system until the 1930s when mission schools were formed Many though lack the ability to read and write due to the education system disappearing through the civil wars Believed to have some of the tallest people in the world Have been in conflict with the Nuer people due primarily to religious and historical differences

13. The Nuer Live in Southern Sudan Also rely primarily on cattle- huge cultural piece Used to be a close alliance with the Dinka, but conflict came when the British came in to rule (and the Dinka obeyed more) and thought the Nuer were becoming hostile. Other stories claim the Nuer and the Dinka seperated over cattle issues Known for social order and community value

14. Our Author- Linda Sue Park

15. Linda Sue Park Park was born in 1960 in Urbana, Illinois, but raised outside Chicago. Park’s parents immigrated to the US for education purposes. She has been writing poetry since she was 4 She published her first poem at 9 years old for Trailblazer magazine In 1999, she published her first book, Seesaw Girl. In her elementary and high school years, she continued to publish poems for children and young people in magazines.

16. Linda Sue Park Park competed on the gymnastics team at Stanford University where she graduated with a degree in English Before writing her first book, she worked many jobs including being a teacher teaching English as a second language to college students For the most part, Park writes historical fiction and mainly focuses on Korean history and culture (not A Long Walk to Water)

17. A Long Walk to Water Park was inspired to write A Long Walk to Water because she personally knows Salva Dut, one of our main characters and wanted to tell his story and support his program, Water for South Sudan

18. Reader’s Notes Set Up Turn to your Reader’s Notes section and let’s get the format set up for this book.