2. Value-is the amount of lightness, darkness, or dullness of a subject or object as light reflects off of it. Value is used to create the illusion of form on a 2 dimensional surface

3. Chiaroscuro-is the Italian term for gradual blending from light to dark so an object appears three dimensional. Tenebrism-is the stark contrast in use of light and dark colors or values. Still Life-is one type of subject matter an artist may chose, in which the artist arranges smaller, non-moving objects on a surface such as a table, generally for the purpose of drawing or painting.

4. Pencils & Pencil Sets Range in value from: 6H-Hardest graphite which creates the lightest value HB-Middle value (many regular and mechanical pencils are HB or 2B) 6B-Softest graphite which creates the darkest value

5. Kneaded Erasers Generally doesn’t leave behind crumbs for the artist to removeGenerally doesn’t leave behind crumbs for the artist to remove Doesn’t damage the paperDoesn’t damage the paper Can ‘shape the eraser’ to desired thicknessCan ‘shape the eraser’ to desired thickness Can ‘draw’ with itCan ‘draw’ with it Types of Erasers Gum Eraser Erases but is soft and leaves crumbles. Easily broken White Plastic Erases cleanly with little debris or crumbs left behind

6. Blending Stumps are for the advanced artists who are already experienced blending using ONLY a pencil

7. TO CREATE SMOOTH VALUE: Hold pencil on side Work in one area at a time Move hand in circular motion Blow away eraser crumbs, if not using kneaded eraser Apply pressure evenly

8. TO CREATE SMOOTH VALUE: Add value in layers Blend ONLY with pencil, not fingers, paper towel, etc.

9. The amount or strength of the light source. Example: overcast day vs. bright, sunny day

10. The direction of the light source. Example: sunrise vs. noon

11. The surface texture of the object. For example a rough, dull, or soft surface will reflect less light than a shiny surface.

12. The distance a viewer is away from the object. For example, objects further away appear to have softer, less distinct edges than objects closer.

13. Parts of Value used on a form: Implied line-is a distinct change between values and appears as the edge of the object, but not as an actual drawn line.

14. Highlight-is the brightest reflected light off of object. Core Shadow- The surface area where light reflects the very least or is unable to reach.

15. Form shadow- follows the form of the object. For example, a round object will show the shadow in a curved manner.

16. Reflected light- reflects off of other things and onto the object. For example, a person’s clothing color may be seen on the surface of the object.

17. Recessed shadow-is the line created where the object rests on the surface of another item, such as a table.

18. Cast shadow-is the dark area created by the object blocking the light from reaching another surface or object.